Section 1:The First Texans Section 2:The Western Gulf Culture Area Section 3:The Southeastern Culture Area Section 4:The Pueblo Culture Area Section 5:The Plains Culture Area CHAPTER 4 Texas Indians

SECTION 1 The First Texans Question: What are some characteristics of the early civilizations of North, South, and Mesoamerica?

SECTION 1 The First Texans Maya Toltec and Aztec Anasazi Mississippian Mesoamerica west of Texas Cumberland, Mississippi, Tennessee River valleys Civilization LocationDescription developed written language, astronomical and mathematical systems had organized governments; Toltec built stone pyramids; Aztec traded, built canals traded goods widely; built huge, multi-storied dwellings, later set into cliffs for defense mainly farmers; built large, flat- topped, earthen mounds

SECTION 2 The Western Gulf Culture Area Question: What are some similarities and differences between the Karankawa and the Coahuiltecan?

SECTION 2 The Western Gulf Culture Area Karankawa Coahuiltecan Gulf Coastal Plain wigwams South Texas Plains temporary shelters of hides over branches hunter-gatherers coast—fished with traps; seafood; hunted small game inland—hunted deer, buffalo; gath- ered wild potatoes hunter-gatherers hunted buffalo, small mammals; fished gathered wild plants, small reptiles, insects Group Location/ Shelter Foods Clothing/ Appearance men—deerskin breechcloths; women—grass or deerskin skirts painted bodies men—wore little; women— grass or deer- skin skirts wore hair long

SECTION 3 The Southeastern Culture Area Question: What traits did the Caddo, Wichita, and Atakapa have in common?

CADDO WICHITAATAKAPA SECTION 3 The Southeastern Culture Area permanent villages dwellings of wooden poles covered with grass farmed beans, corn, squash hunted buffalo, deer wore tattoos rich farmland farmed corn fished; hunted buffalo men wore breechcloths made pottery wore tattoos farmed corn hunted buffalo wore tattoos

SECTION 4 The Pueblo Culture Area Question: How did the Jumano adapt to their new environment in Texas?

Location When did they arrive in Texas? How did they survive Grew corn along Rio Grande and also gathered wild plants and hunted buffalo SECTION 4 The Pueblo Culture Area Moved along the Rio Grande in West Texas They arrived in West Texas somewhere between 1000 and 1200 A.D.

SECTION 5 The Plains Culture Area Question: What were the lives of Plains Indians like before the Spanish came?

Plains Indians Precontact TonkawaApache Comanche and Kiowa SECTION 5 The Plains Culture Area Lived in North Central Plains Hunter-gatherers Hunted buffalo on the Great Plains came to Texas between A. D and 1400 Organized in bands Surrounded buffalo and killed buffalo with bows & arrows Used buffalo for most of their needs Lived on edge of Great Plains before 1700’s migrated to Texas Hunted buffalo on foot Became dominant group after contace

Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER Why were the lives of the Caddo similar to and different from those of the Jumano? 2. 2.In what ways were Texas Plains Indian groups similar to one another? 3. 3.How did new tools and technologies affect Native Americans? 1. 1.Why were the lives of the Caddo similar to and different from those of the Jumano? 2. 2.In what ways were Texas Plains Indian groups similar to one another? 3. 3.How did new tools and technologies affect Native Americans?