The Turing Test ● Who was Alan Turing? ● Turings paper first claims that thinking is computable. Why is this so important? ● What is the imitation game? ● Should we replace the question “Can machines think”? ● Our speach will change in the future. Why?

Turing Test (cont. 1) ● Scientists do not go from well established fact to well established fact, never being influenced the subjective, non-proven conjecture. ● By the end of the 20 th century, an interogator will not choose correctly more than 70% of the time.

Turing Test (cont. 2) ● What of the competition in Boston? ● If a computer passes the Turing test, are there civil rights questions? (pg. 70) ● What of the people who were judged to be machines? ● What of the restrictions?

Turing Test (cont. 3) ● Can computer scientists recognize the machine faster than the average joe? If so, how? ● Superior intelligence?

The Turing Test (cont. 4) ● Winner in 1997: – “PROGRAM: Did you see that story on CNN last night about the lesbian couple who came out at a White House party on Sunday? – JUDGE05: NO. I just came in yesterday. I'm still kind of jet-lagged. – PROGRAM: Ellen Degeneres was one of them - she was kissing her lover...”

John Searle: Computers Can't Think ● There is a difference between pretending to think and actually thinking. ● The Turing Test is not useful at all. ● When is a computer a tool, and when is it truely a mind? ● Is Shank's program an example of a machine understanding?

Searle (cont. 1) ● Does the Chinese room refute Turing and Shank's claims? ● “... whatever purely formal principles you put into the computer, they will not be sufficient for understanding, since a human will be able to follow the formal principles without understanding anything.” (pg 76)