Geochemistry of prairie wetlands. CWB Produces 50 to 80% of nation’s waterfowl.

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Presentation transcript:

Geochemistry of prairie wetlands

CWB

Produces 50 to 80% of nation’s waterfowl

87 ha

1990 Dried up in 1988, 89, 90, 91, 92 Drought-deluge cycles – the new norm?

m stage rise (0.3 m higher yet in 1998) 60 miles from Devils Lake Winter and Rosenberry, 1998, Climatic Change

The deluge continues Devils Lake

What is groundwater’s role?

Ground-water trough surrounds wetland P1 GW exchange provides a negative feedback Wetland can lose solutes Winter and Rosenberry, 1995, Wetlands Rosenberry and Winter, 1997, J. Hydrology

87 ha P8 was the refuge

87 ha Winter (ed.), 2003, Prof. Pap CaHCO 3 CaSO 4 MgSO 4 MgHCO 3 MgSO 4 CaMgSO 4 CaHCO 3 CaMgSO 4

Geology also plays a role in wetland geochemistry Winter (ed.), 2003, Prof. Pap. 1675

Groundwater affects wetland hydroperiodGroundwater affects wetland hydroperiod Groundwater affects wetland geochemistryGroundwater affects wetland geochemistry Hydroperiod and geochemistry affect plantsHydroperiod and geochemistry affect plants Hydroperiod and geochemistry affect invertebratesHydroperiod and geochemistry affect invertebrates Hydroperiod, geochemistry, invertebrates and plants affect waterfowlHydroperiod, geochemistry, invertebrates and plants affect waterfowl GW-SW exchange is important to wetland geochemistry, hydroperiod, and ecologyGW-SW exchange is important to wetland geochemistry, hydroperiod, and ecology

Ave ppt. = 440 mm Ave ET = 810 mm In ≠ out ??? But GW is not very important to wetland hydrology

Overland flow following snowmelt is single largest hydrologic event for prairie wetlands

Common concept: water flows from wetland to wetland to wetland

?

Ground-water mounds surrounds wetland P1 during deluge Need to pay attention to near-shore processes Water table rose to or near land surface during wet period. No storage left. Virtually all precip. Falling on the basin ended up in the wetland.

How the water gets to the wetlands is important why are these wetlands so fresh? This may help us to answer one of the most vexing questions related to these wetlands: why are these wetlands so fresh? Purely overland flow because of frozen ground? If so, then they receive a huge pulse of very dilute water Is the UZ bucket full due to fall recharge? If not, then residence time in UZ would bring solutes to the wetlands Why does the ratio of stage rise to ppt. change? Need to know mid-winter redistribution of snow and the volume of snowmelt in the catchment Need to know effect of timing and duration of snowmelt Affects contact time of water on the land before it gets to the wetland What is the effect of near-shore processes?

Ground-water trough surrounds wetland P1 Winter and Rosenberry, 1995