Pageant Review

1920 Election

Warren G. Harding Elected in 1920 by promising “Return to Normalcy” Suffered from a scandalous cabinet Dies Aug 2, 1923

Harding Appointments Some Good- Charles Evans Hughes (State) Herbert Hoover (Commerce) Andrew Mellon 9Treasury) Some not so Good- Albert B. Fall (Interior) Harry M. Daugherty (Attorney General)

American Attitudes Denounced radical foreign ideas Condemned un-American life-styles Shunned diplomatic commitments to foreign countries Restricted immigration

Red Scare Fear of international Communism Lead to the Palmer Raids

Palmer Raids Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer Arrested 6,000 suspected Communists

KKK Anti- –Immigrant –Catholic –Jewish

Immigration Restrictions Emergency Quota Act of based on 3% of nationality in U.S. as of 1910 Immigration Act of % as of banned Japanese

Immigration Quota System Discriminated directly against southern and eastern Europeans

Prohibition Supported by the South and West Supported by women's groups and business owners Volstead Act met most resistance in Eastern cities

Scopes Trial Anti-Darwin legislation Fundamentalists fearing change Illustrated split between fundamentalists and progressives

Calvin Coolidge Takes over when Harding dies Former Governor of Massachusetts Makes reputation by breaking the Boston police strike Decides not to run in 1928

1924 Election

Mass Consumption Rapid expansion of capital investing Increase in advertising Cars, refrigerators, radios, etc.

Al Capone Famous gangster Ran operation in Chicago

Flapper Girls Symbolized the care free attitude of many

Charles Lindbergh First to fly solo across the Atlantic

Consumer Debt Involved with “prosperity” of decade People buying many goods on credit Buying on Margin- purchasing stock with little money down

Henry Ford Produced relatively cheap cars

Automobile Revolution Led to- –Consolidation of schools –Spread of suburbs –Loss of population in less attractive states –Altered youthful sexual behavior

Radio and Motion Pictures KDKA- first radio station (Pittsburgh) Movies- talkies by the end of the decade Caused a loss of the diversity of immigrant culture

Harlem Renaissance Flourishing of African American art, literature and music

1920s Census Most people lived in cities

Jobs for Women Tended to cluster in a few low-paying fields

Albert Fall Harding’s Secretary of Interior Involved in Teapot Dome Scandal- corrupt handling of naval oil reserves

Economic Policies Actively assisted business Andrew Mellon- believed in rapid expansion of capital investing

Economics Hoover- believed in self-regulation Post WWI- Railroads- unregulated Labor- no longer had support of government- Steel Strike of broken

Muller and Adkins Cases Focused on the treatment of women in the work place

Foreign Policy Isolationist “Observers” sent to League of Nations Kellogg-Briand Pact- ratified by 62 nations- only defensive war allowed

Disarmament Businesspeople were unwilling to help pay for a larger US navy

Kellogg-Briand Pact Outlawed War as a solution to international rivalry

Farmers No more WWI government purchases Mechanization was expensive, so farmers produced more Set themselves up for disaster by overproducing

Progressive Party Hurt by the prosperity of the 1920s People didn’t want economic change

Fordney-McCumber Tariff Increased tariff rates Made it difficult for European nations to sell good in US Unable to raise money to repay WW I loans

WW I War Debts US insisted GB and France pay debts in full GB and France demanded reparation payments from Germany

Washington Naval Conference Set limits on naval tonnage- Great Britain and US- 525,000 tons Japan- 315,000 tons Allowed Japan to fortify Eastern possessions

9 Power Treaty Assured an Open Door with China

Dawes Plan US Banker make loans to Germany Germany pays reparations to GB and France GB and France pay WWI loans to US US Germany Great Britain + France

Hawley Smoot Tariff Deepened the world wide depression

Reconstruction Finance Corporation Established under Hoover to provide aid to business and local governments Made loans to businesses and banks

Bonus Expeditionary Force Wanted payments for WW I service Payments were not due until 1945

Stimson Doctrine US would not recognize territorial gains achieved by force

Herbert Hoover Easily defeats Alfred E. Smith in the election of 1928

Hoover and the Great Depression Offered federal assistance to businesses and banks, but not individuals