Friday 12/3/10 Warm-up: Was the election of Louis-Napoleon a victory for the radicals? Explain your opinion. -Monday 12/6: Quiz on Nationalism NOTES!!! So pay attention! Notes will be posted online!

Nationalist Challenge Power Congress of Vienna’s “balance of power” failing Liberals and Nationalists riot and revolt across Europe

1830’s Uprisings Revolt against Russians in Warsaw 1830 Russian armies suppressed revolts in 1 year Poles Revolt against Dutch rule 1830 Belgians declared independence from Dutch Belgians Nationalist tried to unit Italian peninsula Metternich sent Austrian troops Italy

Revolutions SEE MAP on pg. 679 Geo Questions!!!! Ethnic uprisings erupt throughout Europe Vienna mob clashes w/ police-Metternich resigns- Austrian Empire goes haywire! Eastern Europe erupts again! ◦ Hungary, Prague, Czech Power see-saws ◦ One after another, revolutions fail from disorganization ◦ Conservatives get power by 1849!!!! Nothing changed !

FRANCE!!!!!! FRANCE!!!!!! Radicals wanted DEMOCRACY! 1830’s King Charles tried absolute monarchy- FAILED-ran away to Great Britain Enters Louis-Philippe (liberal) 1848-LP not popular anymore Paris mob overturns monarchy & makes a republic-republic FAILS!!! No one can agree- bloody riot so… No one likes the Radicals now b/c of violence so…. Moderate constitution is born 1848 with NEW parliament and elect NEW president ! YEHHH!!

FRANCE….Not done yet! 1848-enters-Louis-Napoleon (N.B. nephew) ◦ 4 yrs. Later had to change his name to Emperor Napoleon III!!!! ◦ French people wanted peace so they were cool with it ◦ L.N. III wasn’t so bad….built RRs, IR, public works projects! ◦ Good policies-increased employment and France was happy again!

But what about RUSSIA??? Russia was still in the dark ages…literally…the Feudal system! (not industrialized) 1820s Russia started to feel bad (except tsars) about serfs…morally wrong  and prevented economic growth… STOP…Discussion question….Why did the feudal system stunt economic growth?????? Why would the tsars not want to? For next 30 yrs. Russia thinks about what to do……

What did the Russians do? In1853, to go to war…Czar Nicholas I wanted to expand empire…threatens Ottoman Turk Empire-Crimean War Lack of industry….causes LOSS! Nicholas’ son…Alexander II…moves Russia out of old age and modernizes

Alexander’s Reforms 1861 free serfs …but…still tied to land that was split up and “given” (49 yrs. To pay debt) to peasant communities Alexander II ASSASSINATED! 1881 Alexander III ◦ Nationalistic competition led drive for industrialization

Types of Nationalistic Movements Unification Merges politically divided but culturally similar lands Examples? Separation Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away Examples? State-building Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture Examples?

AUSTRIA Empire made of- ◦ Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Serbs, Poles and Italians 1866-Prussia defeats Austria in Austro- Prussian War Prussian win control of newly formed North German Confederation (union of Prussia & 21 smaller German political units)! Hungarians push- Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria splits empire in two-Austro-Hungary Empire…hangs out until AFTER WWI

Back to RUSSIA!!! Made of many ethnic groups-Jews, Latvians, Poles & Romanians to name a few Romanov MUST keep Control!!! ◦ New policy…Russification-forced Russian culture on ALL peeps! ◦ After WWI…Russian czar gives up power 1917.

What about those Ottomans? Controlled-Greeks, Arabs, Bulgarians… 1856-Brits and French pushed for equality in Otts’ Empire Conservative Turks angered…killed some deported Armenians ( ) Broke up after WWI too!

Italy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Italy forms from crumbs! Piedmont-Sardinia: largest, liberal constitutional state Sardinia King, Victor Emmanuel II Count Camillo di CAVOUR-Prime Minister

CAVOUR Skilled diplomat, used alliance Wanted to expand P-S power Roadblock was AUSTRIA! 1858-Nap. III helped Cavour win provoked! War w/ Austria-gained North Italy….except Venetia

Garibaldi Unites! Leader of Southern Nationalist rebels- Red Shirts!!! 1860-captured Sicily Allowed all of Italy to unite under Emmanuel 1866-Venetia joins Italy 1870-Papal states joined Italy-Pope still owned Vatican City-Rome became capital

Germany Unites!!! 1815-Autrian Empire dominates the confederation Prussia-ready to UNIFY all German states ◦ Advantages-  mainly German population  nationalism unified it  most powerful army in central Europe  Has liberal constitution

Otto Von Bismarck!!! 1861-Wilhelm I wanted $ from bigger army…liberals refused…Wilhelm didn’t like not having authority…so picks a JUNKER (Prussian conservatives, wealthy land-owners) 1862-Otto Von Bismarck is made Prime Minister O.V.B.-a Realpolitik: tough power politics…no room for idealism

Otto Von Bismarck Rule without parliament’s approval…king okayed it VIOLATED the constitution! Told Prussian Parliament… “ It is not by means of speeches and majority resolutions that the great issues of the day will be decided- that was the great mistake of but by blood and iron.”

Types of Nationalistic Movements Unification Merges politically divided but culturally similar lands Examples? Separation Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away Examples? State-building Culturally distinct groups form into a new state y accepting a single culture Examples?