Cellular Respiration Theme - Transfer of energy: How do cells “make” energy?

Why Respiration? Energy is neither created nor destroyed! Only transferred. What are forms of energy? Energy is NO good if we can’t use energy in that form!

Cellular Respiration Definition: metabolic process which converts nutrients (glucose) into useful energy (ATP) Two Types Anaerobic Aerobic (Products are in red)

What is ATP? Stands for Adenosine Triphosphate Is a nucleic acid Phosphate bonds store easy- to-use energy Energy “currency” of the cell

Anaerobic Does not use oxygen Has 2 steps: Glycolysis Fermentation

Glycolysis Happens in the cytoplasm Makes 2 ATP Splits glucose in half  NADH + Pyruvic Acid

Fermentation No oxygen Breaks down pyruvic acid Alcoholic fermentation Makes CO 2 and alcohol Yeast makes bread and beer Lactic acid fermentation Ex. Makes cheese and yogurt Ex. Muscles “burn” during exercise

Summary StageDetailsLocation Glycolysis Glucose is split, 2 ATP’s and pyruvic acid produced Cytoplasm Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvic acid is broken down. CO 2 and lactic acid produced. Cytoplasm Alcoholic Fermentation Pyruvic acid is broken down. CO 2 and alcohol produced Cytoplasm

Aerobic Uses oxygen Has 3 steps: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Krebs and ETC happen in the mitochondria

Krebs Cycle Also called the Citric Acid Cycle Breaks down pyruvic acid into CO 2 Makes other energy molecules

Electron Transport Chain Uses energy molecules from the Krebs cycle to make ATP Electrons are passed from one protein to the next Pumps H + ions across a membrane H + ions flow back through ATP synthase (an enzyme), which makes ATP Water is also produced

Electron Transport Chain

Summary StageDetailsLocation Glycolysis Glucose is split, 2 ATP’s and pyruvic acid produced Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle Glucose is further broken down, NADH (energy carriers) are produced. CO2is a by-product Mitochondria Electron Transport Chain NADH converted to ATP ATP produced! H2O is a by-produt Mitochondria

Energy Totals Anaerobic = 2 ATP per Glucose Aerobic = 36 ATP per Glucose