The Imams of Hadith Imam Bukhari and his Saheeh

Introduction  Biographical glimpse  Books  His conditions in hadith  Jami Saheeh and its features

Name and lineage  Ab ū ‘Abd All ā h Mu ḥ ammad ibn Ism ā ‘ ī l ibn Ibr ā h ī m ibn al-Mugh ī rah ibn Bardizbah al-Ju‘f ī al-Bukh ā r ī  أبو عبد الله محمد بن اسماعيل بن ابراهيم ‫بن المغيرة بن بردزبه الجعفي البخاري‎‎ Born 194H Died 256H

His Family  Very little know about his family  Never married  Brother – Ahmad  Accompanied mother and Ahmad on Hajj and remained in Maakah and Ahmad return with mother  Status of his father  Worship of his mother.

Earlier years  By 16 memorized the books of Waaki and Ibn Mubarak  Started memorising hadith by age of 10  Attends lessons of Dhakhaali and corrects him  Isnaad  Sufyaan ----Abu Zubair----Naaki  Bukhari corrects  Sufyan ----Zubair ibn Adi ----Naaki.

Teachers and travelling  Travelled far and wide- went to Baghdad 8 times – met Imam Ahmad.  Basra 4 times  1080 teachers-  Famous teachers Isaac ibn Rahiwayaah and Ali ibn Madeeni  Inspiration of Isaac  The dream of the flies

Students  hadith bukhari directly from him  Tirmidhi  Often quotes bukhari view on hadith but seldom his fiqh position  Muslim  Nasai  Farabi  Ibn Khuziymaah

Memory  Memorized 200,000 hadith  reports  Isaac had memorized  Muhjtahid Mutlaq- had own madhab and reasoning  Wrote first book when 18  Qadha sahabah waw tabieen

Sayings  Qutibaah  I have sat with all types of scholars but Bukhari is like Umar(ra) if he was from the sahabah he would have been an ayaah  Ali ibn Madeeni  “… I have never belittled myself infront of anybody except Ali..”  “… Pay no attention to him Bukhari has never seen the likes of himself!”

The Fitna  Muhammad ibn Yahya Zhuli- Naisabur  The book of Allah and our recitation of it  Khalid ibn Ahmad al Zhuli– Bukharaa  Teaching of his children  Left Bukharaa  On way to Samaraqand  Makes dua beginning of Ramhdhaan – passes away night of eid  Buried in Khartanq.

His Books  Qadha sahaba wa tabieen  Tareeq 37 v  Wrote from memory- summarised form  Sagheer  Awsaat  Kabeer  Adab Al Mufraad  Jami Saheeh

Saheeh Bukhari  Al-Jami’us Sahih Al-Musnad min Hadith Al-Rasool Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam wa Sunanihi wa Ayyamihi’  But, according to Ibn Salah the name is: ‘Al-Jami’ul Musnad Al-Sahih Al-Mukhtasar min Umoorir Rasool Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam wa Sunanihi wa Ayyamihi’  Started writing it when he was 23- revised it three times- reason for missing hadith.  Presented it to Imam Ahmad, Ali ibn Madini and ibn Maeen.

The meaning of Jami and Saheeh  Eight subject areas  Saheeh  Technical definition  Further refinement of saheeh- ibn salaah/dhaabi  Concept of probability

Issue of companionship  1. The highest level of dabt and adl and significant amount of time spent with the teacher ( Mulazimmah)  2 same as level one but less time spent in the company of ones teacher  3 A lower level of dabt and adl but significant amount of time spent with ones teacher  4 both dabt and adl and Mulazimmah are at a low level  5 narrators that are considered as weak  Imam Bukhari only took hadith for his saheehs from level 1 but he did take from level 2 when presenting supportive evidence for example taleeqaat narrations.

The meaning of Hadith  What makes up a hadith  Marfoo  Marfoo Hukmi  Mawqoof  Maqtoo  The sanad and Matn

Hadith  حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الأَنْصَارِيُّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيُّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ وَقَّاصٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ ‏ " ‏ إِنَّمَا الأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ، وَإِنَّمَا لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى، فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى دُنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا أَوْ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ يَنْكِحُهَا فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ ‏ " ‏‏.

Sunnah vs Hadith  These two terms have for the most part become intertwined but there is a subtle difference between the two.  From a literature viewpoint the term Hadith means news or information or news no credence is given to the veracity of the source.  Sunnah from a language perspective means a way or actions. However, as with many terms the Islamic or Shariah perspective tends to be more specific :  Hadith /Sunnah refer to the sayings, actions and tacit approvals of the Prophet (saws).

Features of Bukhari  22 thulathi narrations  Chapter heading – fiqh of imam Bukhari  Uses hadith and parts of hadith to prove his point- but often different characteristics in the hadith  Ends each chapter with a connection to death  The presence of taliqaat.  Weakness – uses to strengthen argument.

Muallaqat  The reports in the title or chapter headings are known as muallaqat of Imam Bukhari.  you have to say recorded by Imam Bukhari is muallaq form.  There 1341 muallaq reports in Sahih Bukhari.  We can distinguish between two categories of muallaq reports. When Imam Bukhari gives us muallaq report, he gives us a partial isnaad, but he has to start by quoting someone. So we see how he quotes that individual. or active voice, for example qala, then we say the muallaq report is sahih. If he used passive voice, for example it has been said qila or it has been reported yurwi then we cannot make any conclusions about the muallaq report.