Week 3 Research Method in Abnormal Psychology
Scientific Study Systematic attempts to test our assumptions based on the following steps: 1. Formulating research questions 2. Framing the research question in the form of hypothesis 3. Testing the hypothesis 4. Drawing conclusion about the hypothesis
Naturalistic Observation Method Used to observe behavior in the field where it happens Unobtrusive – to prevent any interference with the behavior they observe Information on how subjects behave not necessarily reveal why they do so ethical issues
Correlation Relationship between two factors or variables Positive relationship when one variable increases, second variable also increases Negative relationship when one variable decreases, second variable increases or reverse
Longitudinal Study Subjects are studied at periodic intervals over lengthy periods of time
Experimental Method To uncover cause and affect relationships by manipulating possible causal factors directly Independent variable vs dependent variable Experimental group vs control group
Experimental validity - Internal Validity when the observed changes in the dependent variable (s) can be casually related to independent variable - External Validity applicability of the results of an experimental study to other subjects, setting and time. - Construct Validity the treatment effects can be accounted for by the theoretical mechanisms or constructs that are represented in the independent variable
Epidemiological Method Studies the rates of occurrence of abnormal behavior in various setting and time eg. survey method Incidence – the number of new cases of a disorder occurring during a specific period of time Prevalence – overall number of cases of a disorder existing in the population during a given period of time
Kinship Studies Attempt to explain the contributions of environment and heredity. The more closely people are related, the more genes they have in common Twin studies (identical and fraternal twin) Adoptee studies
Case Study Method Intensive studies of an individual or a small group of peoples Types of case studies method Single-case experimental design A – B – A –B designs