Chapter 27 The Age of Imperialism Learning Objectives: 1.Define Imperialism 2.Analyze types of Imperialism 3.Analyze the causes and effects of imperialism 4.Analyze and describe the effects of Berlin Conference on Africa 5.Analyze impact of the Boer War (South African War) 6.Analyze the positive and negative legacy of Imperialism on Africa Due dates: 1.Guided Reading 27.1 and 27.2 (Due April 15) 2.Guided Reading 27.3, 27.4, and 27.5 (Due April 22 nd ) 3.Matching term and people quiz (April 25 th ) 4.Chapter test (April 26 th )

Imperialism—seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country – Rule from afar Problems discourage Euro Exploration of Africa: – African armies, rivers, disease

Causes Economic motives – The I.R. created demand for raw materials and new markets Balance of Power – Euro nations forced to compete for power with their Euro neighbors Nationalism – Belief in Euro superiority – Euro’s viewed empires as a measure of greatness Social Darwinism: theory advanced by Charles Darwin and used to justify expansion of European “white” dominance. S.D. argues: – Laws of evolution observed in nature, also apply to society. – Fittest or best adapted individuals, or societies prevail. – It is a white man’s burden to enlighten non-European peoples – Euros had the right and duty to spread their progress to the world

Background Information Congo – The Brutal History Missionaries, explorers, humanitarians first to reach interior of Africa – David Livingstone (Scottish Missionary) Henry Stanley (American reporter) hired to find Livingstone Stanley’s exploration interests King Leopold II of Belgium to acquire land in Congo Stanley has local chiefs sign treaties giving Belgium and Leopold control of Congo “Primary” motive to spread Christianity and abolish slavery – Reality: Leopold brutally exploits Africans; millions die Leopold’s actions push Belgian government to take colony – The Belgian Congo Seizure of large part of Africa sparks much of Europe to claim parts of Africa – Britain, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain – prev&list=PL8BCCE8BBE994CD34&lf=results_main prev&list=PL8BCCE8BBE994CD34&lf=results_main

Factors Promoting Imperialism of Africa 1. Technological superiority – Steam engine and Maxim gun help conquest – Steam engine allows easy travel and establishment of control – Railroads aide communication and transport 2. Disease first kept Euros on coast – Perfection of quinine protects Euros from malaria 3. Africans are divided by language and culture – Discouraged unity (Centrifugal Force) – Euros used disunity to play rival groups against each other

Dividing Africa Berlin Conference—conference regulating European colonization and trade in Africa – Berlin, Germany – Resulted in the "Scramble for Africa” – Euros now control African continent 14 nations agree on rules for division (1884–85): By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia are free of European control Raw materials are greatest source of wealth in Africa – Copper, tin, gold, and diamonds

Groups Clash over South Africa South Africa: example of European impact on Africans S.A. history = clash b/t Africans, Dutch, and British over resources Shaka—Zulu chief—creates centralized state around 1816 – Used by British to conquer more land and people British defeat Zulus and gain control of Zulu nation in 1887

Euros in South Africa First Euros to settle in S.A. = Dutch (1652) – Establish station for ships sailing to Dutch East Indies – Cape Good Hope Boers: also known as Afrikaners – Dutch farmers take Africans’ land, establish large farms British gain control of S.A. (1795) – Boers clash with British over farmland and freeing slaves – Boers move north (“Great Trek”) to escape British – Clash with native tribes

Boer War (Dutch vs. British) Boers discover diamonds and gold resources found in northern settlements Tension over ownership of land and resources result in two wars Boers win first British counter attack burning farms and imprisoning women and children – Concentration camps for blacks and whites – British defeat Boers 1902 Boer republics (states) join into Union of South Africa – Controlled by British Impact: – Signaled change in the way of life for South Africans (Apartheid) – Euros changed political, economic, and social aspects of African’s lives