Viral Genetics. The objectives What genetic changes are detected in viruses? The effects of viral genetic changes on viral virulence. The application.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Viral Infection Detection. Clinical examinations & findings Antibody detection Electron Microscopic: SEM & TEM Molecular assays: PCR Detection of viral.

Advertisements

 Classification of animal viruses › Taxonomic criteria based on  Genomic structure  DNA or RNA  Single-stranded or double-stranded  Virus particle.

Viruses.  What is a virus? Defined by their inability to replicate/multiply without utilizing a host cells reproductive mechanisms. Only contain ONE.

H1N1: “Swine Flu”. Why you should care… Every year between 5 and 20% of the population gets the flu. The CDC estimates that the flu kills 36,000 people.

Genetic Mutations Recombinant DNA Viruses Chapter 22 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis.

Genetics & Gene Therapy (Ch.30) By: Mahmoud A. El-Hallak Mahmoud A. El-Hallak( ) Supervised by: Dr. Abdelraouf A. El manama Dr. Abdelraouf A. El.

10 Genomics, Proteomics and Genetic Engineering. 2 Genomics and Proteomics The field of genomics deals with the DNA sequence, organization, function,

Influenza A Virus Pandemic Prediction and Simulation Through the Modeling of Reassortment Matthew Ingham Integrated Sciences Program University of British.

CHAPTER 18 MICROBIAL MODELS: THE GENETICS OF VIRUSES AND BACTERIA.

VIRUSES Chapter 9.8 and 9.9 Biology 391. What are they – Structure & Classification – Discovery Details & Examples Life Cycles – Lytic – Lysogenic – Evolution.

An Introduction to the Viruses

Viral Genetics and Replication SAMUEL AGUAZIM, M.D.

Influenza Chapter 39. Causative Agents Influenza A virus Family Orthomyxoviridae Negative-stranded RNA genome Genome divided into 8 gene segments Spiked.

1 Virology - Chapter 13 Not responsible for details of Protein & genome synthesis pp A little history… “Filterable viruses” Bacteriophages Wendell.

Viruses Chapter Nature of Viruses All viruses have same basic structure -Nucleic acid core surrounded by capsid Nucleic acid can be DNA or RNA;

D-Influenza virus. Influenza epidemiology in humans Fields Virology, 2nd ed, Fields & Knipe, eds, Raven Press, 1990, Fig.40-1.

What do you know about Viruses? 1. What are the 5 most common viral infections? 2. Name 2 similarities between a virus and a bacteria? 3. Name 2 differences.

Misconduct Case Study Our story so far: Peter:4 th -year grad. student makes mice lacking SLAM gene several cell types have abnormal function Sally:4 th.

Influenza Michelle Lin.

Viruses. Virus: Particles of nucleic acid, protein, some lipids Reproduce vicariously Use the cells they infect to build new viruses.

Using Comparative Genomics to Explore the Genetic Code of Influenza Sangeeta Venkatachalam.

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline

Influenza A/H1N1 W. Rose H1N1 is a subtype of influenza type A Influenza types B and C also exist but less common, less infectious, and drift.

Influenza Today Joseph Mester, Ph.D. September 24, 2009.

What’s up with the flu? Novel H1N1? SWINE FLU??? Mexican flu? swine-origin influenza A? A(H1N1)? S-OIV? North American flu? California flu? Schweingrippe.

INTRODUCTION Cause RTI Cause RTI Genetic variation (shift and drift) Genetic variation (shift and drift) Estimated million deaths worldwide in pandemic.

Viral Anatomy Envelope Forms from host membrane Forms from host membrane Viral genome includes genes for surface proteins Viral genome includes genes.

What are three different types of viral capsids?.

Facts about Influenza Viruses There are three types of influenza viruses: A, B, C A is most serious and it can genetically change rapidly and is the one.

REASSORTMENT OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

Infectious Diseases Unit 4 Lesson 4 plan. Do now What are the two ways a pathogen causes damage?

Gene Therapy By: Chris Smith and Darran Prewitt. What is gene therapy? Why is it used? Gene therapy = Introduction of normal genes into cells that contain.

Influenza H1N1 A: A close insight Dr. Mustafa Ababneh Molecular Virologist.

Emerging Diseases Lecture 12: Influenza Virus and the 1918 Pandemic 12.1 Overview 12.2 The pathogen-Influenza Virus A 12.3: Naming System 12.4: A Disease.

Viral Genomics: Strength in Numbers David Spiro Assistant Investigator J. Craig Venter Institute

Viruses Big Questions: What is a virus? How does a virus function?

Viral Genetics and Replication SAMUEL AGUAZIM, M.D.

Virology 1.5-Genetics Some terminology from the last part of Chapter 3.

Virologia Applicata E.A. Influenza VIROLOGIA. Virologia Applicata E.A. Influenza The virus and its replication.

Genetics of Viruses. Viral Structure n Virus: – “poison” (Latin) – infectious particles consisting of a nucleic acid in a protein coat n Capsid= viral.

Genetics & Gene Therapy Chapter 30 وسام عبد الرؤوف العايدي وسام عبد الرؤوف العايدي

Chapter 19.  Non-living ◦ Non-cellular ◦ Cannot grow or reproduce on its own ◦ No metabolism  Cause disease ◦ AIDS, colds, flu, measles, mono  Cause.

Infectious Diseases Unit 4 Lesson 4 plan. Do now What are the two ways a pathogen causes damage?

Gene Therapy. antisense oligonucleotides(ODNs) antisense oligonucleotides(ODNs) Ribozymes Ribozymes DNAzymes DNAzymes RNA interference(RNAi). RNA interference(RNAi).

Reverse Genetics of RNA Viruses. Reverse Genetics (RG) The creation of a virus with a full- length copy of the viral genome The creation of a virus with.

ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE Fahareen-Binta-Mosharraf MNS. What is Orthomyxoviridae? The Orthomyxoviridae are a family of RNA viruses that includes five genera: 1.

The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Microbial Models.

Viral vaccines .

Viral evolution and adaption

GENETIC VARIATION OF VIRUSES Part 2 Lecture 3 1. Types of Viral Mutation A. Point Mutations Point mutations occur when a single nucleotide is changed.

COPY CHOICE RECOMBINATION

Virus Evolution.

Emerging Diseases Lecture 12: Influenza Virus and the 1918 Pandemic

VIRAL REPLICATION Lecture 2.

Orthomyxoviridae Molecular Virology.

Emerging Diseases Lecture 12: Influenza Virus and the 1918 Pandemic

Influenza Virus: Evolution in real time

Viruses Living a borrowed life

Viral Genetics.

Influenza Vaccines MedCh 401 Lecture 5 19May06 KL Vadheim Lecture 4.

Unraveling the Mystery of Swine Influenza Virus

Big Questions: What is a virus? How does a virus function?

Free Write What distinguishes ‘The Living’ from ‘The Non-Living’?

Big Questions: What is a virus? How does a virus function?

Emerging Diseases Lecture 12: Influenza Virus and the 1918 Pandemic

Chapter 15 Viruses, Viral Life Cycles, Retroviruses.

Presentation transcript:

Viral Genetics

The objectives What genetic changes are detected in viruses? The effects of viral genetic changes on viral virulence. The application of viral mutants

What may cause genetic changes of the virus?

A. Mutation – Poor fidelity of viral polymerase RNA-dependent RNA polymerase – RNA virus lack of genetic error- checking mechanism (one error per 1x10 nucleotides) – Rapid replication rate 3

A. Mutation B. Recombination (Reassortment)

Attenuated virus Violent virus Recombinant virus HA NA HA NA Hemagglutinin Neuraminidase Lipid bilayer Matrix protein Ribonucleoprotein

Antigen drift: gene mutation Antigen shift: gene recommbination

Antigen

NP: nucleoprotein

A.Mutation B.Recombination (Reassortment) C. Transcapsidation: Phenotype of A and genome of B D. Marker rescue

An example of viral genetic changes: SARS

Molecular analyses by A 405 nucleotide segment of the coronavirus polymerase gene was amplified.

What kind of viral mutants may be generated?

Mutants Lethal mutant; Plaque mutant; Host-range mutant; Attenuated mutant; Temperature sensitive mutant

What is the application of viral mutants? Vaccine Understanding a mutated virus is the first step to find a vaccine

Why the virus is used for gene therapy?

1. Rapidly amplified in appropriate cell 2. Deliver the gene without producing infectious virus

What viruses are used for gene therapy?

Virus-mediated gene transfer in mammalian cells 1. Retrovirus 2. Adenovirus 3. Adenovirus-associated virus 4. Herpes simplex virus

What is the defective virus?

A. Defective Interfering viral particle (DI) B. Pseudovirion: Virus particle contains host nucleic acid

Web site for virology General virology: b.html Taxonomy of viruses: life.anu.edu.au/viruses/Ictv/index.html Infectious diseases: d.html

Genetic change between viral particles

H5N1