Welcome to class!  Pick-up one of each hand-out  Get busy on the bell ringer!  Turn in Cold War Brochure  Last day to make-up or turn in late work is Friday!  I’ll be here Today, Wednesday, and Friday if you need to make up work with me!

Harry Truman’s Presidency Foreign Policy & Domestic Issues

Civil War in China  Communists led by Mao Zedong versus Nationalists led by Chang Kai-shek  U.S. supports Nationalists  Send nearly $3 billion in aid as part of containment despite Kai-shek’s Nationalist Party being corrupt & inefficient  Tries to negotiate peace between two groups, but fail  Communists gain strength winning peasant support and defeat the Nationalists  Nationalists flee to the island of Taiwan  U.S. Responds:  Refuses to recognize China  Stunned that containment failed Mao Zedong Chang Kai-shek

The Korean War  Korea is split along 38 th parallel  North surrenders to Soviets  South remains democratic  1950: Northern Communists invade the south crossing the 38 th parallel  War starts as a UN “police action” to repel the communist aggression  U.S. enters to save South Korea  want to contain communism  Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads US forces  Inchon Invasion  saves South Korea, forced Northern Communists back to N. Korea  MacArthur then launches counter-attack and pushes into N. Korea

The Korean War  China enters war on side of North Korea  War stalemates  neither side can advance  MacArthur wants to attack China, disagrees with Truman who wants limited war  MacArthur criticizes President Truman  Truman fires MacArthur  War drags on for two more years  War finally ends in stalemate in 1953 near the 38 th parallel where it started  neither side wins, Korea will stay divided at 38 th parallel

Fear of Communism  Americans are fearful that communism will spread around the world  Late 1940s—Communist spies discovered  USSR gets atomic bomb in 1949  Loyalty boards—  investigated gov’t employees and dismissed any thought to be disloyal  Bill of Rights questioned  House Un-American Activities Committee:  investigate communist activity  Hollywood Ten:  suspected communists who refused to testify because they thought the hearings were unconstitutional  They were blacklisted & sent to prison  Blacklisting: people linked to communism had careers ruined because they could no longer find work

Fear of Communists Alger Hiss state dept. official accused of spying, tried and jailed Rosenbergs accused of passing atomic secrets to Soviet Union found guilty and executed “worse than murder” Joseph McCarthy Senator Led a “Witch Hunt”: attacks on suspected communists “McCarthyism”- term to describe attacks on suspected communists with little evidence Senate investigations 1954 Army Hearings —led to McCarthy’s fall from power

Truman’s Foreign Policy Legacy:  Made decision to drop atomic bomb ending WWII  Developed policy of containment (preventing the spread of communism)  Marshall Plan:  to rebuild war-torn Europe  Truman Doctrine:  provide aid to countries to contain communism  Civil War in China:  containment fails  Korean War:  ends in stalemate, fired MacArthur

Truman’s Foreign Policy Review 1. Who was the leader of the Chinese Communists? The Chinese Nationalists? 2. What are the 2 responses in the United States to China’s fall to communism? 3. Why does the U.S. get involved in the Korean War? 4. _____________________ wanted a limited war, while ____________________ wanted to attack communist China. 5. Why does Truman fire MacArthur?

6. How does the Korean War end? 7. What groups investigated government employees and dismissed any deemed disloyal or subversive? 8. What organization was responsible for investigating potential communist activity in the United States? 9. Who was the leader of the communist “witch hunts” in the U.S.? What is the term to describe the accusations against suspected communists? 10. What are at least 3 of Truman’s foreign policy legacies?

Life after WWII  Millions of troops demobilized:  10 million released in 1946  Families are reunited = huge increase in births (known as baby boom)  G.I. Bill  education- money towards tuition  low cost loans  Suburbia—  people move outside of cities to areas known as suburbs  made possible by car  mostly white middle class  Levittowns  massed produced housing  affordable  Economy:  great demand for goods after WWII  times are prosperous after war

Domestic Policies:  ”The Buck Stops Here”  Truman wants to restore the economy and stop communism  Wants to prevent a 2 nd depressio n  Threatens gov’t control of industry in order to prevent strikes  Labor union power needs to be curbed b/c strikes can hurt the economy  Taft-Hartley Act: overturns many labor rights won by New Deal

Civil Rights:  Civil Rights: equality for all human beings  Truman takes a firm stand on civil rights  1 st President to do so  1948 : Truman integrated the military: military is no longer segregated – by executive order  asked Congress for civil rights legislation  Congress refused to pass any new laws and Truman’s actions angered party members who supported segregation

Election of 1948:  Candidates:  Democrats: Harry Truman  Republicans: Thomas Dewey  Dixiecrats: Strom Thurmond  (also known as S. Democrats emerged b/c of Truman’s support of civil rights)  Truman was the underdog, launches intense “Give them Hell Harry” campaign  Called Congress into session and used inaction against them saying they did nothing to get support  Truman wins in major upset

Truman’s Fair Deal:  Truman proposed an extension of the New Deal  Congress supported some and ignored others  health insurance (no)  crop subsidies (no)  extension of social security (yes)  low income housing (yes)  aid to schools (no)  Minimum wage raised!  Why so many no’s? Dixiecrats and Republicans join together in Congress.

Truman’s Domestic Legacy:  Social Policies  desegregates the military  Enacts G.I. Bill  McCarthyism—fear of communism  Economic and Political Policy  tried to extend New Deal  many of his domestic policies would become reality in the 1960’s Doesn’t run for re-election because by 1951 his approval was only 23%

Truman’s Domestic Policy Review 11. What new law provided education and housing benefit options to millions of demobilized soldiers after WWII? 12. What does Truman do to support Civil Rights? 13. Who won the election of 1948? 14. Southern Democrats who disagreed with Truman’s stance on Civil Rights formed what new political party?

15. What was the name of Truman’s domestic policy? 16. Why did Congress resist Truman’s domestic plans so much? 17. Why does Truman decide to not run for reelection in 1952? 15. What are at least 3 of Truman’s domestic policy legacies?

Truman Video  On the back of the last sheet of notes  Title: Truman Video  Write down 8 facts that you learn from watching the video clip on Truman’s presidency

Study Guide Review  Which side did the United States support in China?  Who was the communist leader of China?  Korea was split at the 38th parallel after WWII; which side was communist?  Who was fired during the Korean War for his criticisms of Truman?  What was the result of the Korean War?

 Identify the significance of each of the following:  HUAC:  Hollywood Ten:  Alger Hiss:  Julius and Ethel Rosenberg:  Joseph McCarthy:

 What did the GI Bill provide to returning veterans?  These were mass produced neighborhoods for the white middle class.  How did Truman take a stand on Civil Rights?  What new party developed in opposition to Truman because of his civil rights policies?  What was Truman’s domestic program, an extension of the New Deal called?

Activity  Honorary Flyer for Harry S Truman:  Include a title  Include at least 1 picture  Include at least 8 facts:  Be sure to hi-light the major events and successes of Truman’s time as President.  Be colorful and creative!