BELLRINGER: Pick up the papers by the door. Then, on notebook paper, draw the chart below and fill in each section with what you know about Ancient Egypt. What I Think About When I Hear “Ancient Egypt” What I Think I Know About Ancient Egypt What Do I Want to Learn About Ancient Egypt

1.What was the name of the leader who united Lower and Upper Egypt? 2.The form of writing associated with Egypt is called what? How was it similar to Mesopotamia’s cuneiform? 3.What were the name of the chariot-riding invaders who brought down the Egyptian Middle Kingdom? 4.Based on what you know about the Nile River and flooding, why were Egyptian farmers better off than Mesopotamian ones? 5.Describe a theocracy.

1.What was the name of the leader who united Lower and Upper Egypt? Menes 2.The form of writing associated with Egypt is called what? How was it similar to Mesopotamia’s cuneiform? Hieroglyphics; both were variations of pictograms, used pictures to represent words 3.What were the name of the chariot-riding invaders who brought down the Egyptian Middle Kingdom? Hyksos 4.Based on what you know about the Nile River and flooding, why were Egyptian farmers better off than Mesopotamian ones? Predictable flooding of the Nile 5.Describe a theocracy. Church and state/religion and political realms are not separated

AGENDA: 1. Bellringer 2. NOTES: Ancient Egypt/Nile River Valley (#18) 3. Egypt Map 4. Pharaoh Assignment - Reading - Eulogy WS (#19) HOMEWORK: Finish Pharaoh Reading & Pharaoh Eulogy worksheet. Review for Egypt vs. Mesopotamia “quiz”

River Valley Civilizations: Ancient Egypt

Map of Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egyptian History PeriodsTime Frame Nile Culture Begins3900 B. C. E. Archaic3100 – 2650 B. C. E. Old Kingdom2650 – 2134 B. C. E. Middle Kingdom2040 – 1640 B. C. E. New Kingdom1550 – 1070 B. C. E. Late Period750 – 332 B. C. E. Greek Ptolemaic Era 332 – 30 B. C. E. Roman Period30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

Ancient Egyptian History PeriodsTime Frame Nile Culture Begins3900 B. C. E. Archaic3100 – 2650 B. C. E. Old Kingdom2650 – 2134 B. C. E. Middle Kingdom2040 – 1640 B. C. E. New Kingdom1550 – 1070 B. C. E. Late Period750 – 332 B. C. E. Greek Ptolemaic Era 332 – 30 B. C. E. Roman Period30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

Geography of Egypt Importance of Nile River – Flows north – Humans live here because they could grow crops and settle into permanent villages Provides protections – Desert to E, S, W – Sea (Med.) to the N – Limits outside influences Flooding – Nile floods = land is enriched by fertile soil -Floods are PREDICTABLE! -During July-Sept., recedes in the spring

Flooding of the Nile River

Geography of Egypt: Irrigation is Necessary

Religion of Egypt Religion = very important – 2,000+ gods and goddesses Believed pharaohs were sent by the gods to help Egyptians – They make the sun rise, river flood Afterlife = big part of Egyptian religion – Pharaohs ruled after they died – Bring possessions to afterlife

Achievements of Egypt: Technology, Intellectual Architecture – Pyramids, tombs, temples out of STONE – Structures showed high architectural skill (used math, geometry to build)

Advancement: Mummification Mummification is the process of preserving a body using spices and chemicals, removing internal organs and preserving them, and then wrapping the body in linen cloths. This prevents the body from rotting and allowed it to enjoy the afterlife.

As much of the brain as it is possible is extracted through the nostrils with an iron hook, and what the hook cannot reach is dissolved with drugs. Next, the flank is slit open... and the entire contents of the abdomen removed. The cavity is then thoroughly cleansed and washed out... Then it is filled with pure crushed myrrh, cassia, and all other aromatic substances, except frankincense. [The incision] is sewn up, and then the body is placed in natron, covered entirely for 70 days, never longer. When this period... is ended, the body is washed and then wrapped from the head to the feet in linen which has been cut into strips and smeared on the underside with gum which is commonly used by the Egyptians in the place of glue. -- Herodotus

Egyptian Mummies Seti I B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II B. C. E. Ramses II B. C. E.

1.Linen 2.Sawdust 4. Beeswax 3.Lichen 5. Resin

Achievements of Egypt Hieroglyphics – Writing system – Often found in/on tombs Papyrus – Written on, paper like substance

Rosetta Stone

Politics of Egypt Pharaoh = two roles – 1. Head of state – 2. Divine representative of the gods Means gov’t + religion = inseparable – No separation of church and state in anc. Egypt

Politics of Egypt What does this combination do for Egypt? – Builds temples – Creates laws – Taxes – Organizes labor – Trade – Defense What signs of civilization do you see in this list?

Politics of Egypt

Politics of Egypt: A Tale of Two Egypts Egypt = originally divided into LOWER and UPPER regions Separate rulers but were culturally similar Kingdoms united by Menes in 3100 BC Creator of Egypt’s 1 st dynasty Establishes theocracy Eventually, the leaders of Egypt become known as pharaohs

Politics of Egypt

Economics of Egypt Transportation – Nile River Two main groups: – Lower Egypt (north): Nile Delta Region – Upper Egypt (south): South away from the delta Most Egyptians = farmers  primarily agricultural economy – Grew barley, wheat, vegetables, figs – Surplus of food due to fertile soil Close to Mesopotamia and several trade routes (Med, Red Seas) Traded with Mesopotamia and nomadic groups

Social Aspects of Egypt Pharaoh Government officials, army officers, priests Merchants, artisans Peasant farmers and laborers

Social Aspects of Egypt

Decline of Egypt

Homework: Important Pharaohs 1.Read about your assigned Pharaoh. 2.Annotate the reading with notes/highlighter. 3.Create a Top 5 list of important facts about your assigned Pharaoh (What the fact is and why you picked that fact!). 4.Use this top 5 list to help you complete the Pharaoh Eulogy WS for HW.