CHAPTER 12 Expansion and Reaction, Web

Chapter Review Discuss the events leading to war with Mexico, and explain the war’s consequences. Identify the various forms of transportation available to Americans by Discuss the effect that the discovery of gold in California had on the nation. Identify the various utopian communities that were founded in the 1840s. Give examples of both religious and secular societies. Explain the events leading to the slave state/free state crisis of 1850 and describe the various attempts at compromise.

Compromise of 1850 The five laws balanced the interests of the slave states of the South and the free states. California was admitted as a free state, Texas received financial compensation for relinquishing claim to lands west of the Rio Grande in what is now New Mexico, the territory of New Mexico (including present- day Arizona and Utah) was organized without any specific prohibition of slavery, the slave trade (but not slavery itself) was abolished in Washington, D.C., and the stringent Fugitive Slave Law was passed, requiring all U.S. citizens to assist in the return of runaway slaves.SouthCaliforniaTexasRio GrandeNew Mexicoterritory of New MexicoArizonaUtahslave tradeslavery Washington, D.C.Fugitive Slave Law The measures, designed by Whig Senator Henry Clay (who failed to get them through himself) were shepherded to passage by Democratic Senator Stephen Douglas and Whig Senator Daniel Webster. The measures were opposed by Senator John C. Calhoun. The Compromise was possible after the death of President Zachary Taylor, who was in opposition. Succeeding President Taylor was a strong supporter of the compromise,WhigHenry ClayDemocratic Stephen DouglasDaniel WebsterJohn C. CalhounZachary Taylor Texas boundary and compensation California as a free state Mexican Cession territories Fugitive slave law, no slave trade in Washington D.C,

Howard Zinn on the Mexican War Readings from: A People’s History of America

I. War with Mexico Men such as Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant become heroes in the 1840s conflict Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends conflict and greatly expands United States War impacts 1848 election, bringing Zachary Taylor to the presidency

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II. Americans on the Move Steamships and railroads contribute to movement of Americans throughout continent Discovery of gold in California contributes to internal migration In another migration, Brigham Young leads Mormons to Utah Irish immigrants flee their country’s potato famine

The Gold Rush California

III. The Quest for Perfection Utopian communities such as Oneida Association become American experiments Seneca Falls Convention brings to prominence Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, advocates for woman suffrage

IV. Popular Culture and High Culture Mass printing appeals to wide audience as Americans demand diverse entertainment A few great American writers emerge Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Walt Whitman

V. Slavery and a New Crisis in Politics Statehood for California precipitates another crisis Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin builds support for abolition

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VI. Politics in Chaos Know-Nothing party emerges to combat immigration Expansion fever engulfs nation Kansas-Nebraska Act ignites controversy over slavery and states’ rights, and leads to formation of new Republican party

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