STD’s

Vocabulary Pathogen: Organism that causes disease Bacterial: Can be cured Viral: Can NOT be cured

Pre-Quiz 1. F: MORE likely at risk-Not married, more likely to have multiple partners 2. F: Any sexual contact puts you at risk 3. F: Often STDs have no symptoms. The only way to know is to be tested 4. F: It is not only possible, but probable. STDs that cause open sores increase the risk of others 5. T: 2-Vaccines available, Hepatitis B & HPV(Genital Warts)

Pre-Quiz 6. F: There is no immunity against STDs. People can get them over and over 7. F: If the symptoms go away, the disease is not over. In fact, it is advancing and continuing to infect the body at an even greater rate 8. F: Can enter through any opening of the body or cut on the skin. Some STDs live on the skin and can be picked up simply by touching the infected area (Herpes virus may be on the skin but not be visible 9. F: Viral STDs such as genital herpes, genital warts, & HIV/AIDS are incurable, you will have them for life! 10. T: Abstinence is the best way to prevent all STDs and pregnancy.

Chlamydia-Bacterial Transmission: any sexual contact with an infected individual and an infected mother to her baby. Symptoms in Males: watery-white drip from penis, burning during urination, & itching around penis opening Symptoms in Females: unusual vaginal discharge, burning during urination, bleeding between periods, & pain in lower abdomen Treatment: Antibiotics are used to treat Chlamydia. Azrithromycin (single dose), Docycline (twice daily for 1 week) (Treatment is very easy if treated early on). Interesting Fact: Commonly has no symptoms, may lead to PID in women and swollen scrotum in men.

Gonorrhea-Bacterial Transmission: Sexual contact with an infected partner and from an infected mother to her baby. Symptoms in males: White-milky discharge from the penis, burning during urination, increased urination. Symptoms in females: Burning during urination, discharge from the vagina, abdominal pain, bleeding between periods, vomiting or fever. Treatment: Antibiotics are used to treat gonorrhea. Interesting fact: May lead to infections of joints-heart valves-and brain, sterility, PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) in females, blindness in newborns, & no symptoms.

Syphilis-Bacterial Transmission: Sexual contact with an infected partner. Also, an infected pregnant mother can pass it on to her baby. Symptoms in males and females: Syphilis is marked by three stages,Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Primary: Chancre appears on the genitals or in the mouth (appears within 10 days to 3 months after exposure). Secondary: Skin rash appears on parts of the body- usually the palms of the hands and the bottom of the feet. Fever, tiredness, headache, sore throat, loss of weight & hair. Tertiary: Damage to body organs such as the heart, eyes, brain, nervous system, bones, joints, and other body parts

Syphilis-Bacterial Treatment: Penicillin is used to treat a syphilis patient. Interesting fact: If left untreated- irreversible damage to major organs, mental illness, paralysis, blindness, death, miscarriage, stillbirth, fetal death, mental retardation/birth defects in babies born to infected mothers.

Pubic Lice Pubic Lice: infestation of the pubic hair by pubic lice. Lice are insects that attach to the skin & cause itching/swelling. They survive on human blood. Transmission: Sexual contact with infected partner, sleeping on infested sheets-clothing-towels. Symptoms in males & females: Itching and swelling in the pubic area, little black spots on body parts that have excessive hair growth. Treatment: Prescription shampoo, OTC shampoos, medications to stop the itch. (may itch until skin heals). Interesting fact: Pubic lice can jump from one human to another.

Herpes-Virus Viral STD: Two types: Herpes simplex 1 (cold sores on mouth), and 2 (open sores on genitals). Transmission: Sexual contact with an infected partner, kissing with a person who has an open sore, touching infected/open sores on the body, from a mother to her baby Symptoms in males & females: itching or burning sensation, pain in genital area and or abdominal area, clusters of small-painful blisters on genital area, fever, headache, muscle aches, difficult urination, vaginal discharge (female), cold sores or fever blisters on the lips or in the mouth. Treatment: No cure – you have this for LIFE! Interesting Fact: Drugs can be given to relieve symptoms and reduce the likelihood of recurrences.

Human PapillomaVirus (HPV or Genital Warts) Transmission: Sexual contact with an infected partner and from an infected mother to her baby. Symptoms in males: Warts on the tip of the penis, on the shaft of the penis, on the scrotum, and around the anus. Symptoms in females: Warts on the external genitals, inside the vagina, on the cervix, and around the anus. Treatment: No cure- you have this for LIFE! But you can freeze and medicate the warts. Interesting fact: HPV causes cervical cancer.

Viral Hepatitis Hepatitis A,B,C,D, & E (5) Transmission: Sexual contact with an infected partner, sharing needles with infected blood, and an infected mother to her baby, food and water. Symptoms in males & females: Mild fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. LATER- Dark/foamy urine, pale- colored feces, abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin/whites of eyes). Treatment: Bed rest, a healthful diet, avoidance of alcoholic beverages due to liver damage. Drugs may be prescribed to improve liver function. Interesting fact: Liver failure/possible death, liver cancer

Myth Vs Fact Put your head down and raise your hand if you think it is a myth Keep your eyes closed

HIV & AIDS

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogen: Virus, If you get this disease you will have it for life!

Modes of Transmission 1. Sexual Intercourse 2. Contaminated Blood 3. Contaminated Semen 4. Infected mother to child during birth 5. Breast Milk

 Sex of any kind  Sharing needles  Born to a mother with HIV  Open mouth kissing with someone who is infected.  Breast milk

Closed mouth kissing Hugging Touching, holding or shaking hands Coughing or sneezing Sharing food Sharing towels Saliva Sharing bathroom facilities Being bitten by insects Swimming pool Telephone

What Happens? 1. Initial Infection: Virus enters the body, usually no immediate symptoms, doesn’t appear on test for 6 months! 2. Latency: Still no symptoms, infection migrates from lymphocytes to glands 3. Autoimmune Diseases: Swollen lymph nodes, fever, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue 4. AIDS- Infections, pneumonia, cancers, wasting, dementia, herpes, candida

Treatment 1. AZT: Stops the virus from multiplying 2. DDI: Slow the progression by preventing replication of the virus 3. Protease Inhibitors: People take a drug cocktail that slows down replication and multiplication of the virus 4. Slow it down 5. Fight the infections & cancers

Scary Statistics At the end of 2008, an estimated 1,178,350 persons aged 13 and older were living with HIV infection in the United States