EVENTS & RESULTS of the CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT ( )

MAIN IDEA: A variety of events throughout the Deep South between 1954 and 1965 led to the passage of two important pieces of federal legislation.

Historical Background Pre-Civil War Dred Scott v. Sanford Civil War ( ) Reconstruction Amendments th th th Congressional legislation clause End of Reconstruction Jim Crow Laws De Jure Segregation Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) De facto segregation Loss of voting rights - poll tax- literacy test - grandfather clause - intimidation

Goal One: The End of Segregation EDUCATION  Brown v. Board of Education  Little Rock Central H.S.  Integration at Ole Miss and Alabama

Goal One: The End of Segregation PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS Montgomery Bus Boycott Sit-ins Freedom Rides Birmingham March on Washington

Results of Goal One  Civil Rights Act of 1957  Civil Rights Act of 1960  CIVIL RIGHTS ACT of 1964  Banned discrimination  5 areas  Denied federal funding  EEOC  Civil Rights Act of 1968

Goal Two: The Right to Vote Freedom Summer 1964 Democratic National Nominating Convention - (Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party – MFDP) March from Selma to Montgomery #1 March from Selma to Montgomery #2

Results of Goal Two  23rd Amendment – 1961  Assigned presidential electors to the District of Columbia  24th Amendment – 1964  Banned the use of the Poll Tax as a voting requirement

Results of Goal Two VOTING RIGHTS ACT of southern states lost control of voting Banned literacy tests Sent Federal Voting Examiners to run elections 10 yr. complaint free to get state control back Federal permission to change state voting laws Upheld as constitutional by Supreme Court Extended in 1970, 1975, 1982, 2007 Now includes minority language ballot requirements

Other Major Civil Rights Issue AFFIRMATIVE ACTION policy that gives special consideration to women and minorities to make up for past discrimination University of California Board of Regents v. BAKKE Ruled that this was a case of Reverse Discrimination because it used numerical Quotas Supreme Court has never ruled Affirmative Action itself unconstitutional

Things to Remember: What Amendment and what Supreme Court Case are vital to the success of Civil Rights Movement? 14 th Amendment Brown v. Topeka Bd. Of Education What are the 2 most important pieces of Civil Rights legislation passed by Congress? CRA of 1964 VRA of 1965