Challenges in mapping structural uniformity & texture of the cubic phases in butterfly and beetle wing scales with synchrotron pin hole ultra small angle.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Single Crystal A garnet single crystal found in Tongbei, Fujian Province, China. If the extremities of a single crystal are permitted to grow without any.

Advertisements

Mikhail Rybin Euler School March-April 2004 Saint Petersburg State University, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute Photonic Band Gap Structures.

Materials Science and Engineering Crystalline and Non-Crystalline Systems X-Ray Diffraction: Determination of Crystal Structure.

X-ray Diffraction. X-ray Generation X-ray tube (sealed) Pure metal target (Cu) Electrons remover inner-shell electrons from target. Other electrons “fall”

Do it with electrons ! II.

What is diffraction? Diffraction – the spreading out of waves as they encounter a barrier.

Determination of Protein Structure. Methods for Determining Structures X-ray crystallography – uses an X-ray diffraction pattern and electron density.

Crystallography and Diffraction Techniques Myoglobin.

Iridescence from photonic crystals and its suppression in butterfly scales by Leon Poladian, Shelley Wickham, Kwan Lee, and Maryanne C.J Large Interface.

Practice of analysis and interpretation of X-ray diffraction data

Chem Single Crystals For single crystals, we see the individual reciprocal lattice points projected onto the detector and we can determine the values.

Structure of thin films by electron diffraction János L. Lábár.

Small Molecule Example – YLID Unit Cell Contents and Z Value

CHE (Structural Inorganic Chemistry) X-ray Diffraction & Crystallography lecture 3 Dr Rob Jackson LJ1.16,

MODULE 4 - Introduction to EBSD

3D X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy Larry Margulies. 200 µm Metal Structures Heat Defor- mation 200 µm 5 µm Challenges: - Multiple lengthscales - Heterogeneities.

IPCMS-GEMME, BP 43, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2

Tuesday, May 15 - Thursday, May 17, 2007

EBSD – Fundamentals Phosphor Pole piece Phosphor Screen Camera EBSP

Scattering Experiments

X-Ray Diffraction ME 215 Exp#1. X-Ray Diffraction X-rays is a form of electromagnetic radiation having a range of wavelength from nm (0.01x10 -9.

Ge 116 Module 1: Scanning Electron Microscopy

Submitted By:- Nardev Kumar Bajaj Roll NO Group-C

LNLS Experimental facilities 15 beam lines in operation : X-Ray diffraction (XRD) Crystallography (MX) Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) X-Ray Absorption.

Frontiers in 3D scanning Prof Phil Withers Manchester X-ray imaging Facility University of Manchester.

Engineering Materials The Advanced Photon Source is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Advanced Photon Source 9700 S. Cass Ave.

Orientation and Phase Mapping with Transmission Electron Microscopes

Electron Microscopes Used to count individual atoms What can electron microscopes tell us? Morphology – Size and shape Topography – Surface features (roughness,

Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory More Thin Film X-ray Scattering: Polycrystalline Films Mike Toney, SSRL 1.Introduction (real space – reciprocal.

X-Ray Crystallography Susan Ahrens February 3, 2004.

BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES BIW ’ 06 Lepton Beam Emittance Instrumentation Igor Pinayev National Synchrotron Light Source BNL, Upton, NY.

X-Ray Reflection Data Analysis Update Information can be extracted from XRR data: - Film thickness - Roughness.

X-Ray Diffraction Dr. T. Ramlochan March 2010.

PHYS 430/603 material Laszlo Takacs UMBC Department of Physics

Diffraction Basics Coherent scattering around atomic scattering centers occurs when x-rays interact with material In materials with a crystalline structure,

Other modes associated with SEM: EBIC

Ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) utilizes Bonse-Hart double- crystal optics to extend the Q-range of SAXS down to ultralow Q values. However,

Slide: 1 IXS with sub-meV resolution: opening new frontiers in the study of the high frequency dynamics Giulio Monaco ESRF, Grenoble (F) outline: High.

1 2. Focusing Microscopy Object placed close to secondary source: => strong magnification The smaller the focus, the sharper the image! Spectroscopy, tomography.

Peter J. LaPuma1 © 1998 BRUKER AXS, Inc. All Rights Reserved This is powder diffraction!

Coherent X-ray Diffraction (CXD) X-ray imaging of non periodic objects Campi G., De Caro L., Giannini C., Guagliardi A., Margonelli A., Pifferi A.

Interaction of X-Rays with Materials

Coherent X-ray Diffraction (CXD) X-ray imaging of non periodic objects Campi G., De Caro L., Giannini C., Guagliardi A., Margonelli A., Pifferi A.

Stability Requirements for Superconducting Wiggler Beamlines

SEM Scanning Electron Microscope

2. Plant vs Animal Cells Describe the differences between plant and animal cells Identify organelles under the electron microscope.

Whenever two portions of the same light arrive at the eye by different routes, either exactly or very nearly in the same direction, the light becomes.

Page 1 Phys Baski Diffraction Techniques Topic #7: Diffraction Techniques Introductory Material –Wave-like nature of electrons, diffraction/interference.

Pattersons The “third space” of crystallography. The “phase problem”

Imaging Technology and Staining Techniques CHAPTER 1.3.

BEST strategy / SAD optimization Gleb Bourenkov EMBL-Hamburg Kappa Workgroup Meeting September 28-29, 2009 MAXLAB.

Coherent X-ray Diffraction (CXD) X-ray imaging of non periodic objects.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. LIMITATIONS OF THE LIGHT MICROSCOPE Light microscopes rely on visible light being refracted to magnify the image. Scientists were.

The Muppet’s Guide to: The Structure and Dynamics of Solids Single Crystal Diffraction.

Crystallography : How do you do? From Diffraction to structure…. Normally one would use a microscope to view very small objects. If we use a light microscope.

CdTe prototype detector testing Anja Schubert The University of Melbourne 9 May 2011 Updates.

X-ray powder diffraction

X-RAY METHODS FOR ORIENTING CRYSTALS

Lecture 53: X-ray crystallography. Electrons deflect x-rays We try to recreate electron density from the x-ray diffraction pattern Each point in space.

Prepared By – Amit $hah M.Pharm 1 st sem QA Roll NO :- 03 Guided By – Mr. Pinak R. Patel Assistant Professor Dept. P’ceutical Chem. D Dharmaj Degree Pharmacy.

Presentation Outline ANAELU: 2-D XRD texture analysis Experimental 2D XRD patterns Representation of structure Simulation of single-crystal XRD Polycrystal.

Mohammed Zeeshan BT/PE/1601/ Microtexture: Electron Diffraction in the SEM Texture And Microstructure & Anisotropy.

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF SOLIDS

TEM (Transition Electron Microscope)

X-ray diffraction spectra during in situ annealing of FCZ glass

Shiori Toba, Hiroyuki Iwamoto, Shinji Kamimura, Kazuhiro Oiwa

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Structural Analysis of Nanomaterials using Electron Diffraction

Volume 98, Issue 9, Pages (May 2010)

Alexander Spaar, Christian Münster, Tim Salditt Biophysical Journal

Presentation transcript:

Challenges in mapping structural uniformity & texture of the cubic phases in butterfly and beetle wing scales with synchrotron pin hole ultra small angle (x-ray) scattering Christopher J Garvey, Bodo D Wilts, Ben Kent, Stephen Mudie, Vasyl Garamus, Pawel Kwasniewski, Adil M Mughal & Gerd Schroeder-Turk

Background Structural colours made from pigments and photonic crystals –Social and mating signaling –Warning to predators –Nanostructures Photonic crystals –Security devices –Biomimetic technology

Structure of butterfly scales Most studies have used SEM/TEM, tilt-series electron tomography Simple cubic Face centred cubic FCC arrangement of air spheres in chitin Difficult to obtain 3D from SEM and TEM data Michielsen and Stavenga –Qualitative pattern matching K. Michielsen and D. G. Stavenga, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2008, 5,

Cubic Structure Formation Single gyroid, I Lipid membranes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum form a double gyroid structure (Ia3d) – template (??) Chitin is deposited and polymerised in extra-cellular space V. Saranathan et. al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2010, 107,

Aims (BIG) Wing as photonic (templated) Crystals. (specific) Variation of: – unit cell parameters –grain size within the wing of an individual, between individual of a given species different species.

Synchrotron Pin-hole SAXS Average 3D structure within the volume illuminated with an x-ray beam. Very large unit cell size ( very small q-values) Pushing the limits of modern synchrotron SAXS at low q &  q (pixel size): Callophrys Gryneus Juniper Hairstreak Callophrys Rubi Green Hairstreak Parides Sesostris Southern Cattleheart 200 nm 100 μm

SAXS/WAXS Beamline – Australian Synchrotron Optimise the  q- resolution and q min –7.2 m camera length. –8.4 keV x-rays (1.476 Å). –q min = Å -1 –spot size of 250 x 100  m (multiple scales). –Pixel size on the Pilatus 1M detector is 172 x 172  m.

ID02 - ESRF 10 m camera length (now 30 m). q min = 1 x Å a spot size of 20 x 50  m (single scales) FreLon Kodak detector (pixel size 80 x 80  m).

Method & Analysis Position resolved SAXS (grid) on wings. Identification of phase. Automatic (radial average) fitting of unit cell size and peak width (grain size). – mapping onto image of wing.

Structurally Green Butterflies Callophrys Gryneus Juniper Hairstreak Callophrys Rubi Green Hairstreak Parides Sesostris Southern Cattleheart This species is native to the Americas. It is widespread from Mexico until Brazil and Peru. Found in most of Europe, North Africa, Russia, Asia Minor, Siberia, Amurland, Baluchistan and Chitral. North America

Butterfly wings "Single-Gyroid" I4(-1)32 All patterns powders (many grains with a scale). Large unit cell (~350 nm). Nature of template? (d- spacing is very large!)

Rubi 2 Large scan 1230 points 300 x 300 um grid 3.41 hrs x-rays into page x-rays out of page

Rubi 2 Large scan 1230 points 300 x 300 um grid 3.41 hrs x-rays out of page Basis length x-rays out of page width

Superposition of isotropic scattering pattern and fibre pattern

x-rays out of page Basis length < 346 nm x-rays out of page Basis length > 346 nm

Pari 1 Parides Sesostris

Pari_1_scan 1035 points step size 0.35 mm 15.4 x 7x7 mm grid

Pari_1_scan 1035 points step size 0.35 mm 15.4 x 7x7 mm grid

Parides Sesostris - Mappping

Butterfly - summary SAXS patterns superposition of isotropic (scales) and anisotropic pattern (wings ribs). All butterflies had single gyroid phase. Unit cell characteristic of species. Some variation within species. Peak width (grain size?) characteristic of species.

Diamond weevil (Entimus imperialis) Diamond phase. Large crystallites (~beam size).

Further synchrotron work (Vasyl Harumus GKSS) Butterfly wing scales are certainly isotropic in some crystallographic directions. Weevil scale is close to single crystal. Very small spot size ~ micron size, pin-hole with axis of rotation and beam co-localised.

Challenges? q min. q-resolution (  q). Large amounts of data/spatial heterogeneity Mapping average grain size. D-spacing. Orientational parameter

Small Angle Scattering (SAS) Vs Small Angle Crystallography (SAC) SAS Large continuous q-range.  q less important (q- dependant!!!!). SAC Small q-range (small number of higher order reflections). Anisotropic.  q more important. Can be optimised with: –. –Detector. –SDD.

?