PSE 4U UNIT 1: ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY Introduction to the basics Mr. Christie Department of H&PE Westdale Secondary School

KINESIOLOGY The study of the movement of the human body. Kinesiology studies the physical, social, and emotional elements of the human body and the interactions among them. Serves as the root of medicine, sport, teaching, and other health care professions Who has a kinesiology degree? The ‘springboard’ to….

KINESIOLOGY Many Promising Careers: Health Care – means? Research Rehabilitation Professional Kinesiologist Fitness and Health Promotion And of course….teaching! Let’s take a look… 1st Year Kin Mac

ANATOMY vs. PHYSIOLOGY Anatomy is a branch of science that deals with the structural organization of living things or….how they are built and what they consist of. Anatomy is the STRUCTURE of the human body.

ANATOMY vs. PHYSIOLOGY Physiology is concerned with the basic processes in the body; such as reproduction, growth and metabolism, cardiovascular system, muscular system. Physiology is the FUNCTION of a biological system in the body.

The Anatomical Position  The “anatomical map”  Anatomists and physiologists look at the human body from a standard starting point.  Diagrams of the anatomical position portray the body in an upright, standing position, face and feet pointing forward, with the arms at the side, and the forearms fully supinated (palms facing forward).

The ANATOMICAL POSITION The use of anatomical terminology is important for all who study the human body; provides a universal understanding of the location of muscles, bones and other parts within the body Trick…brain check….when looking at diagrams, anatomical right is visual left and anatomical left is visual right.

Anatomical Planes  Anatomical planes relate to positions in space and are at right angles to one another.  Transverse/Horizontal plane cuts the body into superior and inferior segments.  Sagittal plane cuts the body into 2 even segments.  Frontal or Coronal, cuts the body into anterior and posterior segments.

PLANES OF THE BODY The human body can be divided into many different sections along three different planes. A PLANE is an imaginary, flat surface passing through the body or organ. The three planes of the body are: SAGITTAL PLANE FRONTAL PLANE HORIZONTAL PLANE

Key Concepts: Anatomical Position and Planes Let’s hear someone else, besides Mr. Christie: Summarize using your own words. Text help is on page 3, and you can use the YouTube vid. AP?Planes? What is it?How many? What does it look like?An example of a Why is it used?movement that travels through each plane?

Anatomical Axes  Axes are used to describe how rotation of the muscles and bones takes place.  Longitudinal axis, runs in a “north-south” relationship to the anatomical position.  Horizontal axis, runs in a “east-west” relationship to the anatomical position.  Anteroposterior axis, runs in a “front to back” relationship to the anatomical position

Describing Position and Movement  A body movement can be described in terms of the anatomical plane through which it occurs and the anatomical axis around which it rotates. THE GENERAL RULE: The axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of movement.  Let’s practice…

Describing Position and Movement  anterior - front surface of the body  posterior - back surface of the body  superior - refers to structures being closer to the top of the body. (not including arms and legs)  inferior - refers to structures being closer to the lower part of the body. (not including arms and legs)  medial - towards the midline  lateral - away from the midline  proximal - towards the upper segment of a limb  distal - towards the lower segment of a limb

Extension – increasing an angle between a joint Basic Movements Involving a Joint Flexion – decreasing an angle between a joint Adduction – moving toward the midline Abduction – moving away from the midline Circumduction – circular motion Internal rotation – rotating inwardly towards the midline Supination – lateral rotation of the forearm and hand Pronation - medial rotation of the forearm and hand Plantar flexion – pointing the foot downward External rotation – rotating outwardly away from the midline Dorsiflexion – pointing your foot upward

Other odds and ends? MIDLINE Another reference point is the Midline. It is an imaginary line that runs down the centre of the body, dividing it into right and left halves For the YouTube generation:

WHAT NOW….BONES? HOW MANY ARE THERE? The human body consists of 206 bones differing in size, shape, weight, and in some cases, composition. The skeleton is divided into two major parts : AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR SKELETON

AXIAL SKELETON The axial skeleton supports the structures along the midline of the body:  SKULL  VERTEBRAL COLUMN  RIBS  STERNUM

APPENDICULAR SKELETON The appendicular skeleton supports the limbs and attaches them to the body:  ARMS  LEGS  SHOULDER and PELVIC GIRDLE

The Skeleton System Functions of the Skeleton: Provide a framework that gives shape to the body; Protect the vital organs of the body i.e. Heart, Lungs; Facilitate bodily movements by acting with various muscles attached to bones; They store reserves of calcium and phosphorus; To produce blood cells.

Key Concepts for Quiz 1 Anatomical position, A vs. P Planes and Axes Movements around a joint Describing position/movement Basic skeleton info Summarizing after reading…why is this a good university skill?