POETRY

Directions: Copy the definitions and examples from this presentation onto your “Elements of Poetry” packet. Copy the definitions and examples from this presentation onto your “Elements of Poetry” packet. Write neatly, as you do not have a lot of space; feel free to shorten the longer definitions as long as you do not lose any essential information. Write neatly, as you do not have a lot of space; feel free to shorten the longer definitions as long as you do not lose any essential information. You will need this packet to analyze poems and study for assessments in the future, so take good care of it! You will need this packet to analyze poems and study for assessments in the future, so take good care of it!

Structure and Meter Poems consist of lines that may be organized into groups called stanzas. Meter is the rhythmic pattern establish by stresses or best within each line of a poem. Meter is measured in units called feet.

RHYME Is the repetition of vowel and consonant sounds at the end of words Is the repetition of vowel and consonant sounds at the end of words Ex: proud and allowed Write down your own example!

The repetition of identical sounds at the ends of lines of poetry.

“He clasps the crag with crooked hands Close to the sun in lonely lands” from “The Eagle” by Alfred Lord Tennyson

The repetition of identical sounds within a line of poetry.

“We three shall flee across the sea to Italy.” OR “Hold infinity in the palm of your hand And eternity in an hour.”

A slant rhyme or half rhyme occurs when the vowel sounds are not quite identical.

“And on that cheek and o’er that brow” A mind at peace with all below”

Rhyme Scheme Pattern of end rhymes in a poem Pattern of end rhymes in a poemEx: Roses are red Violets are Bl ue I am awesome And so are y ou ! (Rhyme scheme =ABCB)

Couplet A pair of rhyming lines usually of the same meter and length. It usually expresses a single idea and functions as a complete stanza A pair of rhyming lines usually of the same meter and length. It usually expresses a single idea and functions as a complete stanzaEx: So long as men can breath, or eyes can s ee, So long lives this gives life to th ee -William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18

The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words.

“Swiftly, swiftly flew the ship”

Assonance and Consonance Assonance- Repetition of vowel sounds within stresses syllables that end in different consonant sounds Assonance- Repetition of vowel sounds within stresses syllables that end in different consonant sounds Ex : We dully trudged along the dusty tunnel. Consonance - Repetition of final consonant sounds in stressed syllables that have different vowel sounds Consonance - Repetition of final consonant sounds in stressed syllables that have different vowel sounds Ex : the nervous move at every living sound

The use of words whose sounds suggest the sounds made by objects or activities.

“Blind eyes could blaze like meteors” Other examples: buzz, hum, kiss Other examples: buzz, hum, kiss

Speaker and Tone Tone : the attitude projected toward the subject and audience Tone : the attitude projected toward the subject and audience Formal tone features formal grammar Formal tone features formal grammar Informal tone may feature colloquial language (local idioms and slang expressions) Informal tone may feature colloquial language (local idioms and slang expressions) Speaker : serves the same function as the narrator in a story Speaker : serves the same function as the narrator in a story

Poetic Language Poets combine literal and figurative language to generate layers of meaning or to invite a deeper understanding of a subject.

Denotation and Connotation Denotation- a word’s dictionary definition Denotation- a word’s dictionary definition Connotations-the emotional associations a word evokes Connotations-the emotional associations a word evokes Ex: Car is a neutral word, however… “Junker” suggests an old, broken down vehicle “Junker” suggests an old, broken down vehicle “Classic” implies a car worthy of showing off “Classic” implies a car worthy of showing off

The use of concrete details that appeal to the five senses.

Cold, wet leaves float on moss-colored water.

Language that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect

A direct comparison between two basically different things that is introduced by the words “like” or “as”.

My love is like a red, red rose.

An implied comparison between two basically different things that is not introduced with the words “like” or “as”.

His eyes were daggers that cut right through me.

Human characteristics are given to non-human animals, objects, or ideas.

The sun kissed the flowers.

A great exaggeration to emphasize strong feeling.

My backpack weighs a ton.

The main idea or underlying meaning of a literary work.

“Prejudice is caused by people judging others without knowing them”

Poetry without a regular pattern of meter (beat) or rhyme.

Formal Verse Follows established patterns. Each standard poetic form has specific requirements regarding rhyme scheme, meter and line or stanza structure. Follows established patterns. Each standard poetic form has specific requirements regarding rhyme scheme, meter and line or stanza structure.

Narrative Poem Tells a story and has a plot, characters, and a setting. Tells a story and has a plot, characters, and a setting. Two common types of narrative poems are epic poems and ballads Two common types of narrative poems are epic poems and ballads

Epic Poem and Ballad Epic Poem - a long narrative poem about gods or heroes, such as “The Odyssey” by Homer Epic Poem - a long narrative poem about gods or heroes, such as “The Odyssey” by Homer Ballad - a shorter poem that describes a single event and may be set to music. Most include short stanzas and a refrain that repeats several times, like a chorus in a song. Ballad - a shorter poem that describes a single event and may be set to music. Most include short stanzas and a refrain that repeats several times, like a chorus in a song.

Dramatic Poetry Tells a story using character’s own thoughts or spoken statements, is a component of many classical play, in these plays noble characters may deliver rhythmic, poetic speeches, while lower- class characters speak in regular prose Tells a story using character’s own thoughts or spoken statements, is a component of many classical play, in these plays noble characters may deliver rhythmic, poetic speeches, while lower- class characters speak in regular prose Also used to refer to poems in which one or more characters speak Also used to refer to poems in which one or more characters speak

Lyric Poetry Expresses the feelings of a single speaker, using melodic language, imagery, rhythm, and sounds devices to express emotions Expresses the feelings of a single speaker, using melodic language, imagery, rhythm, and sounds devices to express emotions Most common poetry in modern language Most common poetry in modern language

Poems of praise that often exhibit complex metrical patterns, specific rhyme schemes, and stanzas of ten or more lines each

Elegy Poems of loss that express both praise for the dead and an element of consolation Poems of loss that express both praise for the dead and an element of consolation

SONNET A fourteen-line poem, that is divided into three quatrains (rhyming four-line stanzas) and a concluding couplet (pair of rhyming lines) Each quatrain makes a point or gives an example, and the couplet sums it all up.

Petrarchan Sonnet A sonnet in which an eight- line stanza with an abbaabba rhyme scheme is followed by a six-line stanza with a cdecde rhyme scheme A sonnet in which an eight- line stanza with an abbaabba rhyme scheme is followed by a six-line stanza with a cdecde rhyme scheme

Shakespearean Sonnet Three stanzas of four lines apiece have an abab/cdcd/efef rhyme scheme, followed by a two-line stanza with a gg rhyme scheme Three stanzas of four lines apiece have an abab/cdcd/efef rhyme scheme, followed by a two-line stanza with a gg rhyme scheme

Italian Sonnet Another name for a Petrarchan sonnet Another name for a Petrarchan sonnet

Villanelle Nineteen-line form with a pattern of repeated lines and a specific rhyme scheme Nineteen-line form with a pattern of repeated lines and a specific rhyme scheme The lines are grouped in five, three-lined stanzas and one four line stanza The lines are grouped in five, three-lined stanzas and one four line stanza Rhyme scheme is aba, aba, aba, aba, aba, abaa Rhyme scheme is aba, aba, aba, aba, aba, abaa Line 1 is repeated in lines 6, 12, and 18 and line 3 is repeated in likes 9, 15, and 19 Line 1 is repeated in lines 6, 12, and 18 and line 3 is repeated in likes 9, 15, and 19

Haiku A form of Japanese poetry that consists of three unrhymed lines of five, seven and five syllables. A form of Japanese poetry that consists of three unrhymed lines of five, seven and five syllables. Example: Example: My heart aches with pain. My heart aches with pain. When I see you, I vomit. Die, away from me. (-Hyde, from That 70s Show)

Tanka A form of Japanese poetry that has five unrhymed lines consisting of five, seven, five, seven, and seven syllables A form of Japanese poetry that has five unrhymed lines consisting of five, seven, five, seven, and seven syllables Example: Example: The sun is blinding. Glaring on the frozen lake, It’s fire without warmth. Beneath the ice, the fish swim, Oblivious to season.