1 Ecosystems- Matter and Energy

2 Primary Production

3 Visualizing Matter & Energy There are a variety of diagrams that help us visualize how energy, biomass, matter, and even number of organisms interact in a particular community or ecosystem. It is important that you look carefully at the diagrams and understand what it says about that ecosystem in terms of matter and/or energy.

4 Primary Production made by Primary Producers Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy that producers convert to chemical energy in organic molecules per unit of time. Then the plant must use some energy to supports its own processes with cellular respiration such as growth, opening and closing it’s stomata, etc. What is left over in that same amount of time is net primary productivity which is the energy available to be used by another organism.

Primary Production 5

Net Product Pyramid 6

Trophic Level Human Population 7

I think this slide should go up with the other pyramid slides even though it’s about populations 8 Biomass Pyramids

Pyramid of Numbers 9

Energy Transformation 11

Biogeochemical Cycle 12

Nitrogen Cycle 13

Phosphorus Cycle 14

Water Cycle 15

Carbon Cycle 16

Nutrient Cycling 17

Aquatic Biome Distribution 18

Lake Stratification 19

Zonation 20 Marine Zonation Lake Zonation

Freshwater 21

Wetlands & Estuaries 22 Transitional Zones between freshwater and marine. This water tends to be a mix of both depending on its geographic location. The water is often referred to as brackish

Tide Zone 23 Coral Reef Benthos Marine Biomes Black Smoker

Terrestrial Biomes 24

Tropical Rain Forest 25

Savanna 26

Desert 27

Chaparral- also called Scrubland 28

Temperate Grasslands 29

Temperate Forest 30

Taiga Also called Coniferous or Boreal Forest 1. precipitation usually snow 2. conifers like spruce, fir, hemlock 3. soil acidic and forms slowly 31

Tundra 32

Biosphere 33

What happens when a cycle is out of balance? 34 Cycles can have an anthropogenic (man-made) or a non- anthropogenic (natural phenomena) impact that causes a cycle to become unbalanced. Additionally, this may just be the natural state of that ecosystem as a consequence of the availability of nutrients. Two examples involving imbalanced freshwater habitats include: Oligotrophic waters- low primary productivity Eutrophic waters- high primary productivity

Eutrophic 35 Oligotrophic Lake

Eutrophication- The Algal Bloom 36