Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics theory explains the global distribution of mountains, earthquakes, volcanoes, ocean basins and rift valleys on the surface.

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Theory of Plate Tectonics

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Presentation transcript:

Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics theory explains the global distribution of mountains, earthquakes, volcanoes, ocean basins and rift valleys on the surface of the Earth. What is the theory of plate tectonics? Plate tectonics theory explains that several plates move on top of the soft mantle. Scientists believe that the driving forces of plate tectonics is the convection currents that occur in the mantle.

The Earth’s outer layer is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle.. outer layer

The driving force of plate tectonics is convection in the mantle.

Check for understanding: Plate tectonics theory explains that: a.The mantle is divided into several plates that move on top of the crust. a.The outer layer of the Earth is divided into plates which move on top of the crust. a.The crust is divided into several plates that move on top of the soft mantle. a.The crust is divided into several plates that move on top of the outer core. ource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.plateintro /plate-tectonics-an-introduction/

Plate Boundaries The boundary between tectonic plates can be transform, divergent, or convergent. Plate boundaries animation Plate Boundaries animation.

Foldable Transform Divergent Convergent: Buckling Turn your foldable sideways and label the sections Tectonic Plate Boundaries Convergent: Subduction

1.Divergent Plate Boundary Divergent boundary: The boundary between two tectonic plates that move apart. Typical geologic activity: mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and volcanoes Examples: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Africa’s Great Rift Valley

Divergent Boundary Click for animation

Example of Divergent Plate Boundary Modern rift in action: Africa's Great Rift Valley

2. Convergent Plate Boundary Oceanic- Continental (subduction) One plate goes under the other ● Typical Geologic activity: Oceanic trenches, Volcanoes, earthquakes, and Mountains ● Example: Cascade Range and The Andes Mountains Continental- Continental (Buckling) Plates push together and both plates push up. Usually two continental plates. ● Typical Geologic activity: Earthquakes, faults, Mountains, NO volcanoes ● Example: The Himalayan mountain Convergent boundary: Plates move towards each other.

2. Convergent Plate Boundary Oceanic – Oceanic (subduction) ● Typical Geologic activity: Volcanic arc, Earthquakes, Mountains, trenches ● Example: Japan, Mariana Trench Convergent boundary: Plates move towards each other.

Convergent Plate boundaries 1.Oceanic and continental plates Click for animation

Convergent Plate boundaries 2. Oceanic plates Click for animation

Convergent Plate boundaries 3. Continental plates click for animation

Example of (Oceanic-Continent) Convergent Plate Boundary -Cascade Mountain Range: Mount St. Helens Volcano (Washington State, USA)

-Deepest Oceanic Trench: Mariana Trench (10,994 m) Example of (Oceanic-Oceanic) Convergent Plate Boundary

- The Himalayan Mountains Mount Everest, Nepal 8,848 m (29,029 ft) Example of (Continent-Continent) Convergent Plate Boundary

3. Transform Plate Boundary Transform Boundary: plates scrape across each other in opposite directions Typical geologic activity: Earthquakes Example: San Andreas Fault in California

Transform Plate Boundary

Example of Transform Plate Boundary -San Andreas Fault

Oceanic ridge/rift zone Subduction zoneFault zone Plate Boundaries Review

Plate tectonics

Hot Spot Volcanic eruptions in Hawaii 5aYL0JD9zVo Link to a song Review: layers of the Earth and plate tectonics