Dispersal by Animals As Food Seeds dispersed by animals are contained in fleshy, nutritious fruits As Hitchhikers Seeds dispersed by animals have individual seeds or fruits covered in hooks or spikes that get attached to the animal as it passes by.

Dispersal by the Wind Wings These seeds are typically lightweight, allowing them to be carried on the wind Parachutes

Dispersal by Water These seeds are typically lightweight, allowing them to be carried on the surface of water

Self Dispersal These disperse their seeds by tossing them outward from the parent plant either by 1) “exploding” or “popping” out their seed or 2) dropping their seed around the base of the flower

Let’s explore Seed Dispersal Interactively p/client_ftp/ks2/science/plants_pt2/index.htm#

Fruit Development Parts of the ovule toughen to form a seed coat. The ovary wall thickens and joins other parts of the flower stem to form the fruit. The term fruit in biology refers to any seed that is enclosed within its embryo wall. – So that means that apples, grapes, and bananas. It also includes peas, corn, beans, rice, nuts, and tomatoes

Fruit Development and Pollination

Flower Reproductive Structures Female Reproductive Structures Carpels/Pistils – the collective female structure Stigma – sticky top of the style where pollen grains get stuck Style – narrowed stalk of the carpel Ovary – contains one or more ovules Male Reproductive Structures Stamen – the collective male structure Anther – where pollen is produced Filament – long, thin structure that supports the anthers

Plant Propagation Cuttings A grower “cuts” a length of stem that has a number of lateral buds and the stem is buried Grafting and Budding A piece of stem or a lateral bud is cut from the parent plant and attached to another plant – If a piece of stem is used then it’s called grafting – If a lateral bud is used then it’s called budding

Vegetative Reproduction Vegetative reproduction includes the production of new plants from – horizontal stems, Strawberry plants send out stolons which produce roots when the touch the ground and grow a new plant – plantlets, The parent plant produces tiny new plants along their leaves or stems – underground roots