June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review1 ILC Detector Detector for Silicon Detector for ILC SLAC DOE Program Review June 7, 2006 John Jaros

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review2 Why ILC Detector R&D? Why now? ILC detector requirements exceed the state of the art, and the ILC environment necessitates major advances in detector technology. Advances take time. GDE Timeline has ILC machine TDR by Detectors are way behind. Need to catch up. US dangerously lags Europe in ILC detector R&D and physics studies, risking a 2 nd class role in ILC experiments. Time to fix. EPP2010 Action Item 2: Achieving Readiness for the ILC “The United States should launch a major program of R&D, design, industrialization, and financing studies of the ILC accelerator and detectors. “ They mean Now.

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review3 M bb (GeV) ILC Detector Requirements for Calorimetry Higgs Mass Measurement Good Resolution Lowers Errors/Good Resolution Lowers Errors/ Boosts Effective Luminosity Boosts Effective Luminosity Extends Physics Reach (e.g. HHH )Extends Physics Reach (e.g. HHH ) Goal is 30%/ √E. State of the art was 60%/√E at LEP

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review4 VXD Must Handle ILC Pair Background Performance Goal  = 5  10/psin 3/2  [  m]>>State of the art. Environmental Challenge: Reading out a pixel VXD fast enough to avoid being swamped by pairs background from 3000 bunch crossings. No proof of principle exists. Precision Measurement of Higgs Branching Fractions Fundamental test of Higgs Couplings to Fermion Mass & Gauge BosonsFundamental test of Higgs Couplings to Fermion Mass & Gauge Bosons Distinguishes SM, MSSM, 2HD,…Distinguishes SM, MSSM, 2HD,…

International Linear Collider Timeline Global Design EffortProject Baseline configuration Reference Design ILC R&D Program Technical Design Expression of Interest to Host International Mgmt Detector Outline Documents/ ~Costs Needed Detector Designs/Proofs of Principle/Costs Needed …pushes detector development hard * *

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review6 US Lags in Detector R&D Report from the WWS R&D (Damerell) Panel Resources: manpower by region Resources: equipment funds by region Caveat: From a survey of existing projects only!

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review7 SLAC’s Role in ILC Detector Development Coordinates the SiD Design Study with Fermilab, BNL, Argonne, many US Universities, and international partners from KEK, Tokyo, Annecy, and Oxford Designs and studies the Machine- Detector interface and IP Instrumentation Provides Computing-Simulation- Analysis infrastructure for the US ILC Detector Effort Pursues detector R&D, especially Si/W Calorimetry, Readout electronics, and Si Tracking Optimizes and Benchmarks SiD performance.

Silicon Detector Design Study Design an ILC detector, aggressive in performance, constrained in cost Identify and develop needed detector R&D Engage an international community of physicists interested in the ILC. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE H.Aihara, J.Brau, M.Breidenbach, J.Jaros, J.Karyotakis, H.Weerts & A.White SOLENOID FLUX RET R.Smith -- VERY FORWARD B. Morse -- SIMULATION N.Graf -- MDI P.Burrows T.Tauchi -- VERTEXING Su Dong -- CALORIMETERS R.Frey J.Repond -- MUON H.Band H.E.Fisk -- BENCHMARKING T.Barklow -- COST M.Breidenbach -- R& D COORDINATOR A. White ADVISORY COMMITTEE All names on this chart SLAC Participants International Participants Initiated at Victoria ALCPG 04

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review9 Jet energy resolution goal is 30%/  E. Choose a dense, highly segmented, SiW Ecal and Hcal. High magnetic field limits radius and cost of calorimeters and solenoid and maintains BR 2. B = 5 Tesla Si strip tracker for excellent momentum resolution and robust performance  p t /p t 2 ≤ 5 x GeV -1 VX Tracker at minimum possible radius with max Ω  = 5  10/psin 3/2   m Instrumented flux return for muon identification SiD Design Rationale

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review10 SiD Starting Point 5 layer pixel VXT 5 layer Si tracker with endcaps Si/W Ecal and Hcal inside the coil 5T Solenoid Instrumented flux return for muon detection Compact: 12m x 12m x 12 m SiD is moving beyond the starting point, with subsystem designs, full G4 subsystem descriptions, pattern recognition and PFA code development, and benchmarking studies.

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review11 Silicon Detector Outline Document Captures Current SiD Status See

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review12 SiD DOD Authors from Asia, Europe, US

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review13 Expert Group at SLAC/BNL/Oxford crosses machine/detector boundary SiD ILC Takashi Maruyama Ray Arnold Ken Moffeit Lew Keller Mike Woods Tom Markiewicz Phil Burrows (Oxford) Andrei Seryi + Brett Parker (BNL) + others Principal Accomplishments Evaluate Detector backgrounds for new ILC parameters Design IRs for 2, 14, 20 mr crossing angles Design/test beam energy spectrometers (with U Oregon and Notre Dame) Investigate EMI (electro-magnetic interference) and beam rf effects Design beamlines to accommodate polarimetry, energy spectrometers ILC Machine-Detector Interface Group SiD IR Hall Layout Crossing Angle Designs Final SC Quads (BNL)

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review14 See Mike Wood’s Talk in Breakout Session Mike Woods’ Talk in Breakout Session ILC-ESA Beam Tests April 24 – May 8, 2006 ~40 participants from 15 institutions in the UK, U.S., Germany and Japan: Birmingham, Cambridge, Daresbury, DESY, Fermilab, KEK, Lancaster, LLNL, Notre Dame, Oxford, Royal Holloway, SLAC, UC Berkeley, UC London, U. of Oregon 1. 1.Energy spectrometer prototypes T-474 BPM spectrometer: M. Hildreth (Notre Dame), S. Boogert (Royal Holloway and KEK) are co-PIs T-475 Synch Stripe spect.: Eric Torrence (U. Oregon) is PI 2. Collimator wakefield studies T-480: S. Molloy (SLAC), N. Watson (Birmingham U.) co-PIs 3. Linac BPM prototype BPM triplet – C. Adolphsen, G. Bowden, Z. Li 4. Bunch Length diagnostics for ESA and LCLS S. Walston (LLNL) and J. Frisch, D. McCormick, M. Ross (SLAC) 5. EMI Studies G. Bower (SLAC) + US-Japan collaboration with Y. Sugimoto (KEK)

15 Detector Simulation/Reconstruction Group Supports SiD, ALCPG, and international simulation effort. Tutorials, Workshops, Snowmass Resource CD Provides physics simulation and data samples for physics analysis e.g. 1 ab -1 sample of all SM Processes at 500 GeV Provides full detector simulation in Geant4. Runtime detector description in XML, making it easy to study design variations. Provides Java-based reconstruction & analysis framework Developing Tracking and Calorimeter reconstruction code SLAC Sim/Recon Group Ron Cassel Norman Graf* Tony Johnson Jeremy McCormick

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review16 Calorimetry drives the SiD Design, and Particle Flow drives the Calorimetry 1 Measure the energy of every particle, not the energy deposited in calorimeter modules. High transverse and longitudinal segmentation is needed to distinguish individual particles.

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review17 Starting Detector Comparisons with PFAs SiD SS/RPC - 5 T field SiD SS/RPC - 4 T field 3.63 GeV 89.3 GeV 63% -> 38%/sqrt(E) 3.78 GeV 89.2 GeV 54% -> 40%/sqrt(E) -> Somewhat worse performance in smaller field Vary B-field

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review18 SiD Detector R&D at SLAC SLAC Participants Collaborators T. Barklow W. Cooper (FNAL) M. Breidenbach M. Demarteau (FNAL) D. Freytag R. Frey (Oregon) R. Herbst V. Radeka (BNL) J. Jaros N. Sinev (Oregon) D. Su D. Strom (Oregon) T. Nelson +Annecy and UC Davis Major Activities are closely integrated with FNAL, BNL, Oregon, Annecy Front-end electronics design for Si/W ECAL Ecal mechanical design Tracker mechanical design Si sensor development for tracker Pattern Recognition Code and Detector Simulation for Tracker VXD Concept, Simulation, and Performance Physics Analysis and Detector Benchmarking Costing Tools

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review19 SiD ECAL overview CAD overview R 1.27 m 20 layers x 2.5 mm thick W 10 layers x 5 mm thick W ~ 1mm Si detector gaps Preserve Tungsten R M eff = 12mm Highly segmented Si pads 12 mm 2

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review20 Conceptual design Very aggressive mechanical and electronics integration is needed to preserve the Moliere radius FEA analysis is in progress W plates joined by ‘rods’ Wafers ‘on’ W ReadOut chips on wafers W plate ~ 200 Kg Module ~7000 Kg SLAC/ Annecy

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review21 Wafers and R/O Single MIP tagging (S/N ~7) Dynamic range 0.1 – 2500 MIPs Bump bonded to the detector Low power <40 mW per wafer with power pulsing, passive cooling 4 deep buffer for bunch train SLAC/BNL/Oregon/Davis

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review22 KPiX SiD Readout Chip 2x16 Calorimetry 2 x 16 Si Strip One cell. Dual range, time measuring, 13 bit, quad buffered Prototype: 2x32 cells: full: 32x32 2 x 32 Prototype #2 now being tested at SLAC. #3 is on the way. Full chip in the fall. Use for ecal and µstrips; adapt for hcal. See Marty’s talk in Breakout

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review23 SiD Integrated Tracking Silicon Tracker is fast (1 BX only) Silicon is robust (No HV trips) Tracking System VXD Si Main Tracker Ecal

Pixel Vertex Tracker VXT SLAC Conceptual Design and Simulation 5 layer |cos  | < Pattern Recognition  ~100% FNAL Mech Design

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review25 Promising VXT Technology “ “Chronopix” being developed by Oregon/Yale/Sarnoff Store hit times in Macro Pixel during bunch train, readout after Scrap Macro/micro. Miniaturize Macro instead. MacroPixel design complete; prototype detector design next. Good opportunity for SLAC involvement

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review26 Si SLAC Stand Alone Barrel Tracking Sensor Module Design Microstrip Detector Design and Integration with KPiX Tracking Efficiency vs Pt (GeV/c) See talk by Tim Nelson in Breakout Session

What are the tradeoffs between detector performance and physics performance? What detector performance is really needed? Processes under study by T. Barklow Jet Resolution Higgs Mass Error vs  E jet Higgs Self Coupling Error vs  E jet Tracker Momentum Resolution Higgs Mass Error vs  p t /p t 2 Ecm Accuracy vs  p t /p t 2 SUSY Mass Error vs  p t /p t 2 Detector Calibration Runs Run at the Z or will radiative Z’s do? These studies benchmark SiD performance. Eventually they will be utilized to compare and optimize SiD Design variations. Detector Performance Requirements

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review28 What’s Next for ….ambitious plans! Ecal KPiX, New Si Sensors, Prototype, Beam Test, Mechanical design Main Tracker Tracker Si Sensor, Prototype Sensor Modules, Beam test Vertex Tracker Evaluate Performance, Mechanical Design (with FNAL), Develop Sensor Reconstruction Code Perfect PFA, Tracking Pat Rec Benchmarking/Analysis/Design Optimization Detector Performance Requirements, New Physics Analyses, Global Optimization, Subsystem Optimization.

Expanding Effort on SiD Present program is not adequately staffed or funded to realize our ambitious plans, meet the GDE timeline, or secure a leading role for the US community. Initial startup of SLAC/Atlas effort presents challenges for SiD effort. New SiD Personnel are needed for design and optimization Mechanical engineer, mechanical technician, computer support, postdoctoral researchers, simulation physicist, visitors New SiD Si Lab Space is needed & tentatively identified KPiX development, Sensor development Additional SiD M&S is needed to support proof of principle R&D. SLAC is a natural site to lead ILC detector development with our user community. We have much of the needed engineering, construction facilities, computing and simulation infrastructure, and test beams, and can serve as a center for design and analysis activity.

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review30 Backup Slides

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review31 Recoil Mass (GeV) ILC Detector Requirement for Tracking Higgs Tag and Recoil Mass Measurement Boost Effective LuminosityBoost Effective Luminosity Improve Tag Improve Tag 10X LEP, and 3X CMS Goal:  p t /p t 2 ≤ 5 x GeV -1 10X LEP, and 3X CMS

June 7, 2006SLAC DOE Review32 Accounting for Costs Cost by subsystem Cost minimum vs. tracker radius Marty’s Excel Spreadsheet allows study of costs vs detector parameters, includes fixed costs. Need for detector optimization.