 FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto INFORMÁTICA DE TRADUÇÃO FALL SEMESTER 2010 Lesson 3 November 2010 Teacher: Elena Zagar Galvão Webpage: web.letras.up.pt/egalvao

 Legendas – Legendagem (PT)  ?????? (FR)  ?????? (ES)  ?????? (DE)  ?????? (FI)  ?????? (IT)  ?????? (PL)  ?????? (CS)  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

  need-subtitles/ need-subtitles/  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

 ????  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

TRANSLATION  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão INTERLINGUAL INTRALINGUAL INTERSEMIOTIC (between communication systems: written text into film, painting, music and vice versa)

Translation practice consisting of presenting a written text (usu. on the lower part of the screen) which recounts: - the original dialogues of the speakers; - the dicursive elements that appear in the image (letters, graffiti, placards, etc.) - the info contained in the soundtrack (songs, voices off).  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

 the spoken word;  the image;  the subtitles Their interaction + viewer’s ability to read the images and the the written text at a certain speed determine the basic characteristics of the audiovisual medium.  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

- synchrony with image+dialogue; - semantically adequate account of SL dialogue; - remain on screen long enough for viewers to read them. NB: synchrony, time and space (p. 9)  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

A way of translating what is being said in an audiovisual text. Two characteristic features:  Change of code (intersemiotic: oral to written)  Oral message of the source AV text is present in the translated product. The oral and written message are received simultaneously, allowing for comparison between source text and target text.  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

In six seconds an average viewer can comfortably read the text written on two full subtitle lines, when each line contains a maximum of some 37 characters, i.e. a total of 74 characters. This calculation implies a rather low reading speed of some 145 words per minute (about 2.5 words per second). (seconds and frames are the measurement units used in TV)  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

A motion picture is measured using the Imperial units feet and frames. 1 foot = 16 frames 1 second = 24 frames (cinema) 1 second = 25 frames (TV) 1 second = 1 foot and 8 frames (1.5 feet) To guarantee a comfortable reading speed, it is commonly accepted that a film foot (1 frames) should contain 10 characters (including letters, spaces and punctuation marks). In other words, a frame can contain spaces or characters.  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

 Adaptation: a lesser activity? Jakobson (1959) K.Reiss (1977; 1981) Delabatista (1989) Asensio (2001) Gambier (1994;2003) Neves (2005)  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

Terminology 1980s early 1990s constrained translation Then audiovisual translation (AVT) Film translation, cinema translation Screen translation Multimedia translation  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

 AVT  SDH  AD  Concept of accessibility (Diaz Cintas 2005)  Computer games and interactive software programmes (convergence of AVT and localization)  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

 Linguistic  Time available for preparation  Technical  Methods of projection  Distribution format  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

Intralingual subtitles SDH For language learning purposes For Karaoke For notices and announce- ments For dialects of the same language

 FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Interlingual subtitles For hearers SDH

 Open subtitles (viewer has no choice as to the presence of subtitles on screen)  Closed subtitles (translation can be added to the programme at the viewer’s will)  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

 Cinema  Television  DVD  Video, VHS  Internet  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

Live performances: opera, concerts, musicals theatre conferences  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

 Synthesis (condensation/concision; elemination/suppression)  Readability (accuracy, fluency, credibility)  Orality (written subtitles should sound like spoken language) * from: Bartrina, Francesca and Eva Espsasa, Audiovisual Translation  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

 Viewing  Spotting (timing/cueing)  Translating  Editing *from: Bartrina, Francesca and Eva Espsasa, Audiovisual Translation  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

Watch a programme (movie, talk show, serial, documentary, etc.) with subtitles in Portuguese and draw up a list of at least 5 different features that define/characterize the subtitles you have seen on screen. Remember to note down the name of the programme as well as when and where (TV channel) you watched it.  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

Visit this website and read the Code of Good Subtitling Practice at

Translator, Adapter, Screenwriter Translating for the audiovisual by Robert Paquin at:  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

A Proposed Set of Subtitling Standards in Europe by Fotios Karamitroglou at: m m  FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão