P ARENTHETICAL D OCUMENTATION How to cite sources within your paper

ATTRIBUTION In order to avoid plagiarism, you must give appropriate acknowledgement when repeating or paraphrasing another’s argument or presenting another’s line of thinking.

W HEN DOCUMENTATION IS NOT NEEDED : Familiar proverbs “you can’t judge a book by its cover.” Well-known quotations “We shall overcome” Common knowledge George Washington is the first president of the United States. At a red light, drivers come to a full stop.

W HAT GOES IN THE PARENTHESIS ? Whatever appears first on your works cited list: The author’s last name The corporate sponsor The shortened or full version of the title PLUS, for printed material The page number The volume or number of the work if you are using more than one

READABILITY Keep parenthetical documentation as brief—and as few– as clarity and accuracy permit. Give only the information needed to identify the source. Do not sprinkle them in here and there just in case. If you use the author’s name or identifying information in the sentence, you do not need to cite anything at the end. For example, “Booth has devoted an entire book to the subject.” Unless you have two sources written by Booth, you do not need to have anything in parenthesis at the end.

M ORE ON READABILITY Say you have a book by Sheila Robertson who said something you want to use on page 136… 2 options are… It may be true, as Robertson maintains, that “in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is or primary importance…” (136). It may be true that “in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is or primary importance…” (Robertson 136).

W EBSITES AND ELECTRONIC SOURCES Mitchell, William J. City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Informationbahn. Cambridge: MIT P, MIT Press. 23 Sept Web. “Spinoff: Monsterpiece Theater.” Online posting. 30 Apr Shakesper: The Global Electronic Shakespeare Conf. 23 Sept Web. What goes in the parenthesis at the end of the citation?

Joanne Merrian reported on a parody of Shakespeare performed by the Muppets (“Spinoff”).

QUOTE: “When I came to write, there were very few material obstacles in my way” (Woolf).

Y OU HAVE AN ENTIRE PARAGRAPH FROM ONE SOURCE … If you have an entire paragraph from one source, the easiest thing to do would be to give credit in the sentence by wording things correctly.

W ORKS C ITED Computer Sources Internet with author Peterson, Susan Lynn. The Life of Martin Luther Mar (Peterson) in text citation

Internet with corporate (group) author United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Values and Functions of Wetlands. 25 May (United). IN TEXT CITATION Internet with author unknown Margaret Sanger Papers Project. 19 Oct History Dept., New York U. 3 Apr (Margaret). IN TEXT CITATION

Library Subscribed Databases Discovering Collection “The Holocaust: America’s Response, ” Discovering U.S. History. Online Edition. Gale, Discovering Collection. Thomson Gale. RHS Library, Sioux Falls, SD. 16 March 2005.

EBSCOhost Jaffe, Sam. “In the Business of Synthetic Life.” Scientific American April 2005: MasterFile Premier. EBSCOhost. RHS Library, Sioux Falls, SD. 16 April (Jafffe). IN TEXT CITATION. Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia “Tigers.” Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Online. Grolier Inc ed. RHS Library, Sioux Falls, SD 10 Sep (“Tigers”). IN TEXT CITATION

ProQuest Foundas, Scott. “The Chumscrubber.” Variety 13 Mar 2005: 45. ProQuest. RHS Library, Sioux Falls, SD. 10 April SIRS Researcher Jones, Ray. “Once Upon a Time, A Black Cloud.” Boca Raton News. 15 May 1992: 3 SIRS Researcher. RHS Library, Sioux Falls, SD. 11 April 1005.

D RAFTING YOUR PAPER Get to it! Write the thing!

ORGANIZATION Use your outline, thesis, and graphic organizer as a guide to writing to make sure you know where things go.

W RITING AN I NTRODUCTION The introduction should set the tone of your entire paper. What is this? Why am I reading it? What do you want me to do? Set the context of the paper State why it is important State your thesis / research question—what is it that you want to discover?

T HE BODY PARAGRAPHS Should explore each topic you have declared in your thesis. Each paragraph should help to explain your thesis a little more Should easily transition from one paragraph to the next Should contain parenthetical documentation of both direct and indirect quotations

T HE CONCLUSION Should re-state the thesis Should leave the reader with a sense of closure.

F OR MORE INFO … For more information see…