- التجارة الإلكترونية E-Commerce Turban and others. (2006). ‘ Electronic Commerce-A Managerial perspective ’.

Definitions & Concepts Electronic Commerce (EC) is the process of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, and information via computer networks

EC Definitions & Concepts (cont.) E-business is a broader definition of EC that includes not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also Servicing customers Collaborating with business partners Conducting electronic transactions within an organization

Classification of EC by the Nature of the Transaction Business-to-business (B2B) : EC model in which all of the participants are businesses or other organizations Business-to-consumer (B2C): EC model in which businesses sell to individual shoppers

Classification of EC by the Nature of the Transaction (cont.) Consumer-to-business(C2B): individuals who use the Internet to sell products or services to organizations Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) : consumers sell directly to other consumers E-government: Government-to-citizens (G2C): in which a government entity buys or provides good, services, or information to businesses or individual citizens

The Dimensions of Electronic Commerce

Pure versus Partial EC Based on the degree of digitization of product, process, delivery agent Traditional commerce: all dimensions are physical Brick-and-mortar organizations Old-economy organizations (corporations) Perform all business off-line

Pure versus Partial EC (cont) Pure EC: all dimensions are digital Pure online (virtual) organizations Sell products or services only online Partial EC: a mix of digital and physical dimensions Click-and-mortar organizations Do their primary business in the physical world

A method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself Business models are a component of a business plan or a business case Business Models

Structure of Business Models Transaction fees Subscription fees Advertisement fees partner fees Sales Other models All business models must specify their revenue model (the description of how the company or an EC project will earn revenue) Revenue sources are:

The Benefits of EC Benefits to Organizations Expands the marketplace to national and international markets Decreases the cost of creating, processing, distributing, storing and retrieving paper-based information The allows for customization of products and services which provides competitive advantage to its implementers Lowers telecommunications cost

Benefits of EC (cont.) Benefits to consumers Enables consumers to shop or do other transactions 24/7/365 from almost any location Provides consumers with more choices Allows quick delivery of products and services especially with digitized products

Benefits of EC (cont.) Consumers can receive relevant and detailed information in seconds, rather than in days or weeks Allows consumers to interact with other consumers in electronic communities and exchange ideas as well as compare experiences Facilitates competition, which results in substantial discounts

Benefits of EC (cont.) Benefits to society Enables more individuals to work at home, and to do less traveling for shopping, resulting in less traffic on the roads, and lower air pollution Allows some goods to be sold at lower prices Enables people in Third World countries to enjoy products and services which otherwise are not available to them Facilitates delivery of public services at a reduced cost, increases effectiveness, and/or improves quality