ATS/ESS 452: Synoptic Meteorology Monday 12 January 2015 (Short?) Weather Discussion Review Material Equations of Motion Advection Continuity.

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Presentation transcript:

ATS/ESS 452: Synoptic Meteorology Monday 12 January 2015 (Short?) Weather Discussion Review Material Equations of Motion Advection Continuity

Freezing Rain Profile Snow Profile Sleet Profile

Scales of Motion ScaleApproximate Length Scale Approximate Time Scale Types of Phenomena Planetary> ~ 6000 km> 1 week Synoptic Scale 1000 – 6000 km1 day – 1 week Mesoscale1 – 1000 km1 hour – 1 day Microscale< 1 km< 1 hour This information is important for simplifying the equations that describe our atmosphere through a process known as scale analysis **Determine which physical processes are most important and which can you neglect. Jet Stream, Trade Winds, Longwave pattern Shortwaves, Fronts, Jet Streaks Thunderstorms, Sea Breezes Turbulence, Boundary Layer Phenomena

Variables, Coordinates, & Units Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z) is the most typical coordinate system used in meteorology -x: zonal (East-West) direction; positive towards the east -y: meridional (North-South) direction; positive to the north -z: vertical (up-dpwn) direction; positive upward What other coordinate system do you think we will use? - Pressure coordinates QuantityUnitSI units and notation LengthMeterM TimeSecondS MassKilogramKg TemperatureKelvinK VelocityMeter/Secondm s -1 ForceNewtonN (kg m s -2 ) Pressure (force/area)PascalPa (N m -2 or kg m -1 s -2 ) Energy or workJouleJ (N m or kg m 2 s -2 )

Variables, Coordinates, & Units

Synoptic Scale Governing Equations Frames of reference: Eulerian – object is fixed in space; it doesn’t move; changes due to air moving through the object; Referred to as the local derivative in equations Lagrangian – object is allowed to move with the air; Referred to as the total derivative in equations What is cold air advection (CAA)? What is warm air advection (WAA)? Cold air advection is the process in which the wind blows from a region of cold air to a region of warmer air Warm air advection is the process in which the wind blows from a region of warm air to a region of cooler air

CAAWAA

Temperature Advection

Where’s the Temp Advection?