Roles of the Public Safety Professional Intro to LPSCS 1

PART 1: Career Opportunities County State Federal Municipal Where can I work? What can I do? Private Industry 2

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Municipal Public Safety Police Department City Marshall Fire Department EMS Jailer Operator Crime Scene Investigator Code Enforcement Animal Control 3 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. County Public Safety Sheriff Deputy Detention officer Constable Probation Juvenile Probation/Detention Medical Examiner’s Investigator District Attorney’s Investigator 4 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. State Public Safety State Trooper Texas Ranger Game Warden Park Ranger Border Patrol Correctional Officer Parole officer Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission (TABC) Texas Office of Inspector General 5 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Federal Public Safety Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Secret Service Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) Immigration and Neutralization (INS) Internal Revenue Service (IRS) U.S. Customs Transportation Security Administration (TSA) U.S. Marshals Military Air Marshall Federal Bureau of Prisons Federal Probation/Pre- Trial 6 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Education and Training Requirements: Municipal, County, and State High School Diploma/GED 30 + college hours or Bachelor’s degree TCLEOSE license (peace officer license) Military training Good work history Strong character qualities Pass physical agility test U.S. Citizen Written exam Background Investigation (no criminal history) 21 years of age Valid driver’s license 7 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Education Requirements: Federal U.S. Citizen At least 23 years old, but no more than 37 years old 4-year degree/GPA 2.5 or higher 3 years professional work experience Valid driver’s license Physical exam Medical review – 20/20 corrected vision – Pass hearing screening Extensive background check (no criminal history) 8 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Roles of Law Enforcement Professionals Jurisdiction: the geographical region of responsibility or official duties covered by an agency 9 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Police Duties Social Worker Babysitter Attorney Role Model Law Enforcer First Responder Firefighter Crime Prevention Court Security Investigator Animal Control Traffic Enforcement Case Worker Crime Scene Investigator 10 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Sheriff Duties Officers of the court – Serve as bailiffs in courtrooms and security in courthouses Jail operations – Staff and maintain the county jail Law Enforcement – Same duties as police counterparts, but outside the city limits 11 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Part 2: History of Policing in the U.S. 12

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Police The arrangements made to ensure that the inhabitants keep the peace and obey the laws The force of peace officers employed for this purpose A system of authority is required for a society to operate effectively. The history of policing reveals the evolution of that authority. 13 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Roots of American Policing Code of Hammurabi – The first example of civil and criminal codes – 282 codes that governed civil and criminal behavior in medieval times (eye-for-an-eye philosophy) Tithing system – A system based on kinship and civilian responsibility and used to maintain social order – Families grouped by “tens” (men only) and formed communities 14 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Office of Sheriff Established through the tithing system Power of Posse Comitatus (the power to summon citizen assistance) Separation of military from civilian law enforcement 15 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. America Prior to 1776 Slave patrols in the southern colonies – Civilian groups in southern states to protect against rioting and revolts by slaves Black codes – Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War to disenfranchise freed slaves 16 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Policing in America 1776 – 1850 The first three police departments established in America – Philadelphia 1830 Night-watch and day-watch forces created – New York 1844 Night and day watch formed one police force – Boston 1855 A single police force established 17 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Policing in America 1850 – 1900 Urbanization Conflicts from different groups including minorities and immigrants Controlled by the municipal government Trained civil war veterans entered policing Advances in firearm manufacturing Carried revolvers for protection Plessy v. Ferguson – This U.S. landmark Supreme Court case established the “separate but equal” doctrine that allowed racial segregation 18 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Policing in the Wild West Sparsely inhabited Violence toward Native Americans Lack of tolerance for those who were different Widespread lawlessness Personal defense (vigilantism) Town marshals, U.S. marshals, and the U.S. Army Justice was quick and brutal Firearms and lynch mobs No official law enforcement agency 19 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Private Policing Businesses needed professional security and investigative services Brinks, Pinkerton, and Wells Fargo established Corruption in local police departments Geographic jurisdiction limitations Lack of state/federal police 20 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Modern Policing 1900 – 1930 Increased population Street violence (gangs, gambling, drinking, and prostitution) Electricity New inventions that assisted in policing – Automobile – Airplane and telephone – Advances in weapons 21 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Police Officer – 1900’s Working class $1,400 a year after 6 years Day shift – 75 hrs/wk Night shift – 87 hrs/wk 1 day off in 15 days Obedient to authority, physical strength, and size 6 ft. minimum height No training 22 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. August Vollmer The Father of Modern Policing Chief of police, Berkley, CA “A dedicated body of educated persons comprising a distinctive corporate entity with a prescribed code of behavior” Emphasis on education, professionalism, and administrative reform 23 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Vollmer’s Philosophy Use of automobiles and radios Emergency telegraph boxes Typewriters for reports College-educated Entrance testing 3-year training course Use of polygraph, fingerprints, and scientific evidence Social workers 24 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Current Trends in Policing Community policing – Focus on decentralized strategies that promote crime prevention rather than rapid response, crime investigation, and apprehension of the criminal – Focus on promoting quality of life of the community and public order, rather than law enforcement – Use of alternatives other than arrest and force to solve the cause of the problem rather than responding to the symptoms of the problem Broken Window – the belief that ignoring public order violations and disruptive behavior leads to community neglect, which fosters further disorder and crime 25 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Current Trends in Policing (continued) Zero Tolerance – strict enforcement of the laws, even for minor violations (example: “Click it or Ticket” seatbelt campaign) Problem-oriented – Increased effectiveness by attacking the underlying problems that give rise to incidents that consume patrol and detective time – Reliance on the expertise and creativity of line officers to study problems carefully and develop innovative solutions – Closer involvement with the public to make sure that the police are addressing the needs of citizens 26 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Current Trends in Policing (continued) SARA Model – Scanning: gathering data to define the problem – Analysis: determining the nature of the problem, causes, and possible solutions – Response: working with people, groups, and agencies to implement solutions – Assessment: following up on the initiatives taken 27 Santa Teresa High School Intro to LPSCS