Careers in Hospitality & Tourism Chapter 16 Careers in Hospitality & Tourism Career Choices Educational Resources

Chapter Objectives Identify the advantages of working in the hospitality and tourism industries. Describe career segments in the hospitality and tourism industries. Identify possible career paths in the hospitality and tourism industries. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of owning a hospitality business. Identify the main types of educational resources.

Choosing a Career Your career choice affects your professional and personal experiences. entry-level the position of an employee at the beginning of a particular career Opportunities exist at all levels, including entry-level. Section 16.1

Hospitality & Tourism Career Segments The four segments of the hospitality and tourism industries are: Food and beverage Lodging Travel/tourism Sports, events, and entertainment Section 16.1

Food and Beverage The three basic areas of careers in food and beverage are: operations the functions of a business that focus on the daily procedures necessary to maintain a business or establishment Operations Production Service Section 16.1

Lodging The five basic areas of careers in lodging are: Finance and accounting Human resources Operations Rooms Sales and marketing Section 16.1

Travel/Tourism The three basic areas of careers in travel/tourism are: Destinations Distribution channels Transportation Section 16.1

Sports, Events, and Entertainment Managing sporting events involves the operation of an actual facility as well as supervision of other areas, such as concessions, parking, security, spectators/fans, and talent. Typical sports-related positions are facility manager, fitness instructor, and sports agent. Section 16.1

Sports, Events, and Entertainment Typical positions in the events area include event planner, meeting planner, and special-event coordinator. Section 16.1

Sports, Events, and Entertainment Jobs in the entertainment area can include promoting and booking acts as well as negotiating contracts. Some positions are box-office manager, cruise director, and activity director. Section 16.1

Hotel Rooms Division Career Path Hospitality & Tourism Career Paths Hotel Rooms Division Career Path General Manager** Director of Rooms Division 15+ years Front-Office Manager 10 years Assistant Front-Desk Manager 5 years Front-Desk Manager* 1–4 years 0–1 year * Individuals with previous experience ** individuals with training from all divisions Section 16.1 12

Food & Beverage Division Career Path Hospitality & Tourism Career Paths Food & Beverage Division Career Path General Manager** Director of Food & Beverage 15+ years Assistant Food & Beverage Manager 10 years Restaurant Manager 5–7 years Assistant Manager* 4 years 0–1 year * Individuals with previous experience ** individuals with training from all divisions Section 16.1 13

Tour Operations Career Path Hospitality & Tourism Career Paths Tour Operations Career Path Vice President** Product Manager 12+ years Tour-Guide Manager 7 years Assistant Tour-Guide Manager 5 years Tour Guide 2 years * Individuals with previous experience ** individuals with training from all divisions Section 16.1 14

Box-Office Career Path Hospitality & Tourism Career Paths Box-Office Career Path Director of Sales** Box-Office Manager 10+ years Assistant Box-Office Manager 5 years Ticket Agent 2 years Reservationist 1 year * Individuals with previous experience ** individuals with training from all divisions Section 16.1 15

Owning Your Own Hospitality Business An entrepreneur trades a typical “nine-to-five” schedule for more control of personal time, decision-making freedom, and a better quality of life. entrepreneur a person who organizes, manages, and takes the risk of owning and operating a business Section 16.1

Advantages and Disadvantages Owning Your Own Hospitality Business Advantages and Disadvantages Success depends on believing in yourself, your ideas, and your ability to succeed. Advantages Disadvantages Flexible rules and decision making More personal than large corporations Local community connections Long hours No brand recognition No large-scale purchasing strength Section 16.1 17

Endless Opportunities There are numerous career opportunities in the hospitality and tourism industries. It is important to have a career plan. career plan a written statement of career goals and the necessary steps to achieve them Section 16.1

Proven Success in Hospitality The following are a few examples of hospitality industry successes: J. Willard Marriott Opened an A&W Root Beer stand in 1927. Today Marriott International is a $20 billion global corporation. Kemmons Wilson Opened a small, family-style hotel in the 1950s. Today Holiday Inns are found across the country. Walter E. Disney Started a cartoon business in 1923 with his brother. Today The Walt Disney Company is a multibillion- dollar global business. Section 16.1

Fighting Fraud Identity theft contributes to 25 percent of all credit-card fraud losses each year. Fraud includes embezzlement, identity theft, credit-card scams, and Internet fraud. In diverse industries such as hospitality and tourism, where money is spent internationally and reservations are made online, detecting fraud is essential. Operating an e-tail business on an electronic channel—the Web—can be costly, due to design, delivery, returns, and operating expenses. Though Many larger dot-com companies crashed in the 1990’s, small stores like Harris Cyclery of West Newton, Massachusetts, actually increase sales using a basic Web site. Today, a third of Harris’s bicycle business rides in on the Web to get hard-to-find parts and personal service. Describe an e-business’s home page to your class after viewing one through marketingseries.glencoe.com. Now hospitality managers can take an online course to learn to prevent fraud. The 70-minute course called FraudAware/Hospitality trains managers to recognize and report signs of restaurant, bar, and hotel scams. For more information, go to marketingseries.glencoe.com. Section 1-2 20

What are the duties of a food-and-beverage manager? 16.1 1. Why is your career choice one of the most important decisions you can make? What are the duties of a food-and-beverage manager? What are three possible food-and-beverage production positions? 2. Quick Check Answers It will affect how you spend eight hours a day, each week, for most of your life. Duties include meeting operations and cost objectives of a company, overseeing decisions, and having knowledge of safety standards. Answers may include any three of the following positions: restaurant manager, contract food-service manager, food-and-beverage director, chef, server, catering manager, dishwasher. 3. Section 16.1

Resources for Education and Training The main types of educational resources for hospitality and tourism include: Colleges and universities Community colleges Specialty schools Certificate programs Apprenticeships Professional trade organizations Cooperative education and internships Section 16.2

Four-Year Degree Options The following top-ten list was published in the Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education in 2003: Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana Hotel and Lodging Management Travel and Tourism Management University of Nevada Las Vegas, Nevada Hotel and Lodging Management Leisure/Sports Management Cornell University Ithaca, New York Hotel and Lodging Management Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan Hotel and Lodging Management Restaurant and Foodservice Management Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania Hotel and Lodging Management Restaurant and Foodservice Management continued Section 16.2

Four-Year Degree Options The following top-ten list was published in the Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education in 2003: Delaware University Dover, Delaware Hotel and Lodging Management Travel and Tourism Management Johnson and Wales University Providence, Rhode Island Hotel and Lodging Management Leisure/Sports Management Restaurant and Foodservice Management Travel and Tourism Management Florida International University North Miami, Florida Hospitality Management Travel and Tourism Management University of Houston Houston, Texas Hotel and Restaurant Management Washington State University Pullman, Washington Hotel and Lodging Management Restaurant and Foodservice Management Section 16.2

Community College Options Community colleges provide convenient and low-cost options for beginning your educational career. Many community colleges’ two-year programs are affiliated with four-year colleges and offer transfer programs. Section 16.2

Community College Options Community college programs include: Hotel and Restaurant Management Travel and Tourism Culinary Technology Program Hospitality Systems Management Program Hospitality and Tourism Management Hotel, Restaurant, and Resort Management Travel Systems Operations Hospitality Management Chef Apprenticeship Dietetic Technician Food Service/Restaurant Management Section 16.2

Specialty School Options There are many certification programs that require less time than four-year programs. certification an authorization stating that one has fulfilled the requirements for practicing in a field or career Section 16.2

Professional and Trade Organizations Each division in the hospitality and tourism industries has its own professional/trade organization. professional/trade organization a group or association dedicated to a specific trade or profession Section 16.2

Professional and Trade Organizations Examples of professional/trade organizations are: American Camping Association (ACA) American Bed-and-Breakfast Association (ABBA) American Hotel and Motel Association American Resort Development Association (ARDA) American Society of Association Executives (ASAE) American Society of Travel Agents (ASTA) American Tour Association International Association of Culinary Professionals International Association of Leisure and Entertainment Industry International Association of Assembly Managers Section 16.2

On-the-Job Training An apprenticeship can offer valuable on-the-job training. apprenticeship an educational, hands-on experience working in an established business under the guidance of a skilled worker Companies may also offer internships or cooperative educational experiences (co-ops). Section 16.2

Job-Search Resources Web sites for job-search information are good sources of information and job listings. Some sites include Adventures in Hospitality Careers, Cruise Ship, Hospitality Career Net, Hospitality Jobs Online, Resort Jobs, and many others. Section 16.2

Not Just a Job Hospitality and tourism professionals have flexibility, the opportunity for advancement, unlimited personal growth potential, and the chance to work with people locally, nationally, and internationally. Section 16.2

Hospitality Myths and Facts The hospitality industry is a dead-end career choice. FACT It is the world’s largest employer accounting for more than 200 million jobs. The projected annual job growth is 5.5 million jobs. Section 16.2 33

Hospitality Myths and Facts There is no money to be made in the industry. FACT The median salary as of 2003 for a general manager is $97,300; directors of sales and marketing earn $70,100; directors of revenue management earn $71,250. Section 16.2 34

Hospitality Myths and Facts The industry is shrinking, and businesses are consolidating. FACT The industry is thriving and more dynamic due to this consolidation. Travel expenditures are up to $1,000,000 per minute. Section 16.2 35

16.2 1. What is ASTA? What are two hotel corporations that offer management-training programs? What organizations would you contact for information on international cruise lines? 2. Quick Check Answers American Society of Travel Agents Hyatt Hotels and Marriott Corporation Cruise Lines International Association 3. Section 16.2

Checking Concepts List two advantages of working in hospitality and tourism. Career segments in the lodging industry include finance and accounting, human resources, operations, rooms, and sales and marketing. 3. Career segments in hospitality and tourism include food and beverage; lodging; travel/tourism; and sports, entertainment, and events. 2. Advantages to working in hospitality and tourism include the size of the industries, the variety of job opportunities, flexibility, and the chance to work with people of diverse backgrounds. Accept all reasonable answers. 1. Identify the career segments in the hospitality and tourism industries. Checking Concepts Answers Advantages to working in hospitality and tourism include the size of the industries, the variety of job opportunities, flexibility, and the chance to work with people of diverse backgrounds. Accept all reasonable answers. Career segments in hospitality and tourism include food and beverage; lodging; travel/tourism; and sports, entertainment, and events. Career segments in the lodging industry include finance and accounting, human resources, operations, rooms, and sales and marketing. Name the career segments in the lodging industry. continued

Checking Concepts Describe a career path for the rooms division. An entrepreneur is a person who organizes, manages, and takes the risk of owning and operating a business. 6. A career path for tour operations might be tour guide, assistant tour guide manager, tour guide manager, product manager, vice-president. 5. A career path in the rooms division might be front-desk manager, assistant front-office manager, front-office manager, director of rooms division, general manager. 4. Describe a career path for tour operators. Checking Concepts Answers A career path in the rooms division might be front-desk manager, assistant front-office manager, front-office manager, director of rooms division, general manager. A career path for tour operations might be tour guide, assistant tour guide manager, tour guide manager, product manager, vice-president. An entrepreneur is a person who organizes, manages, and takes the risk of owning and operating a business. Define the term entrepreneur. continued

Checking Concepts Critical Thinking Identify three disadvantages of owning a small business. Answers might include that a four-year degree offers better training in the basic skills than other options and is considered by some to be more prestigious. Accept all reasonable answers. 8. Disadvantages of owning a small hospitality business include long work hours, having to establish a reputation and customer base, having little marketing and purchasing strength, difficulty raising capital, and perhaps limited access to expensive technological systems. 7. Explain why someone might pursue a four-year degree instead of other education options for hospitality and tourism. Critical Thinking Checking Concepts Answers Disadvantages of owning a small hospitality business include long work hours, having to establish a reputation and customer base, having little marketing and purchasing strength, difficulty raising capital, and perhaps limited access to expensive technological systems. Answers might include that a four-year degree offers better training in the basic skills than other options and is considered by some to be more prestigious. Accept all reasonable answers.

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