UNIT3 - FORESTRY TOPIC 2 – FOREST USES

FOREST USE 1 - RECREATION Recreational uses of forests include: Hiking Fishing Canoeing Solitude Camping Hunting ATVing Biking Skiing Berry-picking Bird-watching

FOREST USE 2 - HARVESTING COMMERCIAL CUTTING Cutting for INDUSTRY USE, such as PULP and PAPER, SAWMILLS, and VALUE-ADDED WOOD PRODUCTS

COMMERCIAL CUTTING . . . EXAMPLE: KRUGER CBPPL 1500+ employees 800+ woodlands 40-50 rural communities

COMMERCIAL CUTTING . . . EXAMPLE: LUMBER PRODUCTION 1670 commercial and domestic sawmills in NL 3000 people employed in this province

FOREST USE 2 – HARVESTING DOMESTIC CUTTING Cutting for HEATING or SUPPLEMENTAL HEATING of our HOMES In 1993, 33 % of the population in NL used WOOD as either a PRIMARY or SECONDARY source of heat Each year, about 450,000 cubic meters of wood is harvested for use as fuel.

FOREST USE 2 - HARVESTING VALUE-ADDED WOOD PRODUCTS Wood and wood-products can be processes and worked into many fine products, such as: Guitars Kitchen Cabinets Hardwood Flooring Furniture Maple Syrup Wood Pellets

FOREST USE 3 – ECONOMY In addition to employment in HARVESTING ACTIVITIES, there are many other forest-related careers, including CONSERVATION ex: wildlife officer ECOTOURISM ex: outfitting, sight- seeing RESEARCH ex: soil scientist

TOPIC 3 – FOREST CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES UNIT 3 - FORESTRY TOPIC 3 – FOREST CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES

FOREST TERMINOLOGY BIOSPHERE BIOME FOREST The living portion of Earth Subdivision of the biosphere One Biome is the FOREST BIOME FOREST A community of living organisms in which TREES are the dominant form of life.

FOREST TERMINOLOGY CANOPY UNDERSTORY FOREST FLOOR The “roof” of a forest with the crowns of the dominant trees and other vegetation. UNDERSTORY The area below the canopy, made up of shrubs, snags, and small trees. FOREST FLOOR The lowest level of the forest, which is made up of tree seeds, dead leaves and needles, grasses, ferns, flowers, fungi, and decaying plants and logs.

FOREST TERMINOLOGY CONIFEROUS TREE “Cone-bearing” or soft wood Waxy, evergreen needles Examples: Spruce, pine, fir, cedar Products: Pulp and paper, lumber, plywood DECIDUOUS TREE Hard wood Shed leaves every winter, new buds in the spring Birch, maple, cherry, walnut Furniture, flooring

FOREST CATEGORIES There are 2 MAJOR FOREST CATEGORIES: TROPICAL FOREST Tropical Rain Forest NON-TROPICAL FOREST Boreal (Taiga) Temperate Deciduous Temperate Rainforest

TROPICAL FOREST Greatest Biodiversity 1 km2 may contain as many as 100 different tree species Located near equator in TROPICAL REGION No Winter, Only a rainy and a dry season Temperatures 20 – 25oC all year Precipitation occurs all year, with an annual rainfall of about 2000 mm Soil is nutrient-poor and acidic Canopy is multilayered and continuous, so very shaded on forest floor Biggest Threat is DEFORESTATION due to AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES

BOREAL FOREST The world’s largest land biome Found across Eurasia and North America Short, moist, warm summers and long, cold, dry winters Precipitation is mostly snow Soil is thin, nutrient-poor and acidic Canopy permits low light penetration, so understory is limited Biggest threat is LOGGING

TEMPERATE FOREST Located Below Boreal Regions Well-defined seasons Fertile soil Precipitation is about 75-150 cm per year Canopy is penetrated by light, allowing for a diverse understory Biggest threat is URBANIZATION

CANADIAN FORESTS Canada is sometimes referred to as the “land of forests”, with forests covering 45 % of the total land area of Canada Forest have shaped our trade, commerce, as well as our art and literature. Canada has nearly 10 % of the world’s forests.

CANADIAN FORESTS . . . In CANADA, About 90% of our forests are CONIFEROUS. About 1% of our forests are DECIDUOUS. About 9% of our forests are MIXED STANDS.

TOPIC 4 – THE VALUE OF FORESTS UNIT 3 - FORESTRY TOPIC 4 – THE VALUE OF FORESTS

WHAT IS THE VALUE OF FOREST? Students must work in groups to find examples of each type of value relating to forests in our world. SOCIAL ECONOMIC ECOLOGICAL

WHAT IS THE VALUE OF THE FOREST? ECONOMIC ECOLOGICAL SOCIAL

SOCIAL/CULTURAL VALUES SOCIAL VALUE - FOREST A “way of life” Historical ties/ “sense of place” Spiritual importance Recreational significance SOCIAL/CULTURAL VALUES

ECONOMIC VALUE $ - FOREST Pulp and Paper Lumber/Sawmilling Industry Value-Added Industry Other Tourism/Recreation Outfitters, Eco-tourism Bio-fuel Production Wood pellets, Briquettes Specialty Items Wreaths, Wine, Jam, Pharmaceuticals, Furniture, etc. ECONOMIC VALUES

ECOLOGICAL VALUE - FOREST Climate Regulation Carbon Storage Water Cycling Soil Stabilization Reduce Air Pollution Animal Habitat Watersheds ECOLOGICAL VALUES