The Heart Prof.Khaled Na3im

The Pericardium There are 2 types of pericardium : 1. Fibrous pericardium : is a tough fibrous sac surrounds the heart , it protects the heart & helps venous return . 2. Serous pericardium : is a serous sac , has 2 layers ; visceral & parietal . . The visceral layer is fixed to the heart muscles (epicardium) . The parietal layer is separated from the visceral layer by a potential space

The Heart Position :The heart lies in the middle of the chest cavity (mediastinum ) between the 2 lungs . The heart is deviated to the left side . Surfaces : the heart has 3 surfaces ; anterior , inferior & The upper border of the heart is above: is made up by the The apex of the heart is down : is made up by the left posterior. big vessels Ventricle.

Chambers of the Heart The heart has 4 chambers, 2 atria & 2 ventricles . The right atrium : receives the venous return of the body except the lungs . The left atrium : receives the venous return of the lungs ( oxygenated blood ) Right ventricle : pumps blood to the lungs Left ventricle : pumps blood to the whole body

Aortic arch arch

The big Vessels Right atrium 4 pulmonary veins Left atrium SVC : sup vena cava IVC : inf vena cava Right atrium 4 pulmonary veins Left atrium

The big Vessels The pulmonary trunk Right Ventricle The Aorta Left Ventricle

2 1 3

1: one heart 2 : Two heart sounds: –Lab -Dup 3: three surfaces :-Ant, Post ,Inf 4 :chambers :-2 Atria , 2 Ventricles 4 : Valves :–Tricuspid , Mitral , -Pulmonary , Aortic