HAW CREEK, PIKE COUNTY, MISSOURI-TRIB TO SALT RIVER ERODING STREAM THREATHENING COUNTY ROAD #107, FOURTEEN FT TALL ERODING BANK WITHIN 4 FT OF THE ROAD, PROJECT CONSTRUCTED IN 1 DAY, MARCH 10, 2009 BY PIKE COUNTY PUBLIC WORKS DEPT, LaDON ATKINSON, ROAD SUPERVISOR

HAW CREEK GENERAL INFORMATION  Bank erosion is threatening county road, threatening public safety  Stream wildly meandering in response to historic straightening  Decent riparian areas in places  Bed material: gravel-sand. Channel is incised  Pool-riffle-pool regime, slope less than 1%  Average width ft, 15 ft tall banks  Funding, equipment, and manpower provided by Pike County, MO

PRE-PROJECT PHOTOS by JAYNIE DOERR, REGULATORY, ST. LOUIS DISTRICT FEBRUARY 25, 2009

Looking the lower end of the project bend PRE-PROJECT - HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY MO. PIX BY JAYNIE DOERR

Looking exit conditions to the project bend PRE-PROJECT - HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY MO. PIX BY JAYNIE DOERR

Looking the project bend. Road is 4 ft from 14 ft tall eroding bank. PRE-PROJECT - HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY MO. PIX BY JAYNIE DOERR

Down at the farm & feed store, education !!!! CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

CONSTRUCTION PHOTOS by Dave Derrick, COE; Jaynie Doerr, COE; & Matt Methaney, MDC MARCH 10, 2009

We have 500 willows, stone, diesel, equipment, and time on our hands! A dangerous combination!! CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Forest Pike County Highway 107 The vertical eroding bank is 14 ft tall & 4 ft from the shoulder of the road. WE NEED SPACE!!!! Haw Creek, MO Pre-project Forest

Pike County Highway ft of Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection with Single Stone Bendway Weirs Haw Creek, MO. Highway protection plan 30 ft long vegetated key with soil cover Straight vegged key 15 ft wide engineered floodplain bench with Living Dikes, poles, & Live Siltation

Pike County Highway 107 Haw Creek, MO. Highway protection plan

Self-Adjusting, Self-Filtering Stone Depending on size, angularity, and gradation, stone can be neither, either, or both!!  Self-Adjusting Stone: Stone must be well-graded (from coarse to fine) so that it has the ability to "launch", or self-adjust into, and armor, scour holes formed on the streamward side, and/or stream end, of a river training structure. -Charlie Elliott says a good rule of thumb in Mississippi sand-bed streams {CAUTION: this might not apply equally well to every stream in the world} is that one ton of rock per linear ft will armor three ft of scour  Self-Filtering Stone A soil analysis should always be performed to determine stability and erodability of bank materials and whether a filter material, (either granular or synthetic) is required. A self-filtering stone that has worked well on the Mississippi River, and numerous other rivers and smaller streams (acting as a granular filter to prevent loss of underlying bank material) has 10% to 15% of the gradation either less that 4 inches in diameter, or less than one pound in weight, depending on how the stone is specified.

QUESTIONABLE STONE Stone used for keys & LPSTP was a sub-standard shot rock of questionable hardness. The amount of fine material was close to 20-30%. This was a self-filtering stone, but not well-graded, & not self- adjusting.

Stone is not well-graded & too many fines. The stone is self- filtering, but not self-adjusting, but only $4.70/ton delivered. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

STONE COSTS However, the stone was extremely inexpensive. The 432 tons of rock used in the project, at $4.70 per ton (delivered) total cost of stone = $2032. That was very cost effective for what we accomplished.

THE PLAN

HAW CREEK METHODS EMPLOYED  110 ft of Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP), crest built to 4 ft above the base flow water surface elevation  Locked Logs  A vegetated floodplain bench  Single-Stone & Short Bendway Weirs  Live Willow Pole Plantings  Vegetated & curved upstream key, straight DS key  Living Dikes  Slit Brush Layering (Joint Planting) in riprap bank  Live Siltation

We will construct from upstream (US) to downstream (DS)

THE UPSTREAM KEY

A KEY HAS ONE MAIN JOB, TO CONNECT THE RIVER TRAINING STRUCTURE TO THE REST OF THE WORLD (DON’T LET THE STREAM GET BEHIND {FLANK} RIVER TRAINING STRUCTURES)

THE STEP-BY-STEPS FOR HAW CREEK, TRIB. TO SALT RIVER, PIKE COUNTY, FRANKFORT, IOWA All drawings by Dave Derrick

Detail for key Cross-section for keyway Flow

Looking DS at hoe digging the upstream key. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Looking DS. Setting topsoil aside for use as backfill topping CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Place Willow Poles against the DS side of the trench Detail for key Flow

Looking DS. Placing willow poles against the DS side of key trench. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Place stone in trench Detail for key Flow

Choke stone with gravel (white areas) & water in. Detail for key Flow

Looking DS. Placing stone and creek gravel choke in US key trench. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Backfill and overfill with native soils, then compact (some settling will still occur) Detail for key Flow

Looking DS. Backfilling key with quality top soil. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Hydro seed DONE Detail for key Flow

LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP)

ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) WITH SINGLE-STONE BENDWAY WEIRS, LOCKED LOGS, SOIL CHOKING, LIVE SILTATION, POLE PLANTINGS, LIVING DIKES, ROOTED – STOCK PLANTS, & A FLOODPLAIN BENCH

Stream channel Top bank Eroding bank ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Road

“Locked Logs” placed on bed of river for improved aquatic habitat & energy dissipation. Locked Logs should be angled downstream 25 to 35 degrees so as to shed debris. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Road

LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION {LPSTP}  Description: A continuous stone dike placed longitudinally at, or slightly streamward of, the toe of the eroding bank. Cross-section is triangular. The LPSTP does not necessarily follow the toe exactly, but can be placed to form a "smoothed" alignment through the bend. Smoothed alignment might not be desirable from the environmental or energy dissipation points of view. Amount of stone used (2 tons/linear ft, 1 ton/ft, or less) depends on depth of scour at the toe, estimated stream forces (impinging flow) on the bank, and flood durations and stages.  Tie-backs are short dikes connecting the LPSTP to the bank at regular intervals. Tie-backs are usually the same height as the LPSTP or elevated slightly toward the bank end, and are keyed into the bank. If tie-backs are long they should be angled upstream to act as bendway weirs.

Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP) As-built After a couple of high flow events stream has scoured at the toe & stone has self-adjusted Sediment has deposited landward of the LPSTP

Locked Logs are then “locked” under the Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP). ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP)

Looking US. LPSTP crest is 4 ft above base flow stage CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Tree or shrub poles (called Live Siltation) installed on top of LPSTP Willow, dogwood, river birch poles can then be laid on the stone and up against the bank. Basal ends should be in vadose zone (capillary zone). Willow used on this project.

ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Live Willow poles were then laid up against the eroded bank

Looking DS. Class laying willow on LPSTP & against bank. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DOERR

Looking US. Class laying willow poles against eroding bank. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Looking US. LPSTP with willow on both sides of floodplain bench. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Looking DS. Derrick teaching during construction CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DOERR

ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Backfill material from point bar to form a floodplain bench at the Q-2 flood elevation

Looking DS. Backfilling between LPSTP & bank to form floodplain the Q-2 elevation. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) At intervals, install willow Living Dikes (densely deep-planted adventitious poles perpendicular to direction of high flow)

Floodplain bench planted on a grid pattern Flow AERIAL VIEW OF ENHANCED LPSTP WITH A FLOODPLAIN BENCH WITH VEGETATION PLANTED ON A GRID PATTERN. Living Dikes- plants perpendicular to flow Live Siltation Live Poles

Looking US. Installing Living Dikes perpendicular to high flow, Live Siltation & Live Poles are parallel with the stream. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

A Living Dike (perpendicular to high flow) on the floodplain bench. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Looking DS. Nice S-shaped creek alignment. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Install appropriate rooted-stock plants on the floodplain bench & seed and mulch, or hydro-seed. Floodplain bench will be seeded and mulched, & rooted-stock plants added shortly.

Flow AERIAL VIEW OF ENHANCED LPSTP WITH SINGLE- STONE BENDWAY WEIRS, & A FLOODPLAIN BENCH. NOTE ROAD IS ONLY 4 FT FROM BANK Single-Stone Bendway Weir

Looking from top bank. Placing a Single-Stone Bendway Weir (SSBW) against the LPSTP. SSBW were spaced ft apart. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Looking from top bank. Single-Stone Bendway Weirs CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Looking US. Single Stone Bendway Weirs will move thalweg from toe of LPSTP out to the ends of the SSBW’s CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

JOINT PLANTING IN EXISTING RIPRAP The county got a little ahead of us by placing riprap against the the DS end, so we left it, but I wanted to show how hard it was to vegetate that new existing riprap.

Looking DS. LaDon grabbing poles, some poles in. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

Looking DS. Track hoe had a very hard time digging & raising stone a few inches to insert the willow stakes. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY

Looking DS. Hoe had a very hard time digging in & raising stone so stakes can be inserted into the riprap CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY

Looking DS. Row of willow stakes have been inserted into the riprap bank. It was hard to do. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK

THE DOWNSTREAM KEY In this case the key is vegetated & parallel to the bank so that flow will not cross and erode the opposite bank.

Look the downstream key with live poles. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY

PROJECT CONSTRUCTED IN 1 DAY, MARCH 10, 2009

PROJECT COMPLETE LOOKING FROM UPSTREAM TO DOWNSTREAM

Looking floodplain bench, willows, LPSTP, SSBW. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY

Looking DS. Note straight exit flow does not adversely affect DS opposite bank. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY

PROJECT COMPLETE LOOKING FROM DOWNSTREAM TO UPSTREAM

Looking completed Joint Planting in riprap, floodplain bench, 110 ft of LPSTP, SSBW & US vegetated key. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY

Looking floodplain bench, willows, LPSTP, US key, & US bend. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY

Looking flow attack angle into project bend. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY

Bank Protection redundancy: Fully functioning both hydraulically & environmentally. Multiple protection redundancy. LPSTP provides a robust, adjustable, direct armor bank toe protection. Single-Stone Bendway Weirs move scour & thalweg away from attacked bank, with velocities reduced within weir field. Locked Logs & vegetation roughness reduces near- bank velocities. Roots strengthen bank & bind soil. Floodplain bench plantings reduce flow velocities, provide stability & a continuous riparian corridor.

Stream Project Functions:  LPSTP provides scour protection at toe  Integrated Live Siltation provides vegetative roughness, increases height of protection “soft protection”, shades stone & water, & has many wildlife functions {everything from carbon input to structure cover to insect production, beneficial to pollinators, etc.}  Vegetation on bank planted to slow floodwaters, capture alluvium, colluvium, woody debris, carbon, and native seed.  Bendway Weirs increase stream roughness, provide mini pool- riffle-pool sequences, reduce toe scour, & provide diversity & complexity of depth, velocity (horizontal & vertical) & substrate, & move the thalweg away from the toe of the eroding bank  Integrated Locked Logs dissipate energy, reduce near-field scour, provide toe protection & aquatic habitat complexity  Container plants on bank & overbank (to be added soon) will provide a diversity of plant species for fully functioning riparian corridor.

LESS THAN 2 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Looking US to DS Photos by LaDon Atkinson MAY 4, 2009

LaDon Atkinson, Pike County Road Supervisor says “The veg is looking great! This little creek has been hammered with water. We have had several rains and the last one was 3.5" in a couple of hours. The water has been on the floodplain bench 3 or 4 times now, notice all the sediment that has dropped out.”

2 MONTHS LATER-HAW CR.-PIKE COUNTY, MO PIX-ATKINSON Looking LPSTP, Bendway Weirs, poles & floodplain bench.

2 MONTHS LATER-HAW CR.-PIKE COUNTY, MO PIX-ATKINSON Looking willow poles in US key

2 MONTHS LATER-HAW CR.-PIKE COUNTY, MO PIX-ATKINSON Looking the floodplain bench (overtopped 3 times in 2 months)

2 MONTHS LATER-HAW CR.-PIKE COUNTY, MO PIX-ATKINSON Looking section of project parallel with road.

4 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Looking US to DS Photos by LaDon Atkinson JULY 11, 2009

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking the project bend. 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking the US key. Great willow growth 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking key, floodplain bench, & LPSTP 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking the thalweg trace, LPSTP, Single Stone Bendway Weirs & the floodplain bench. 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking LPSTP & Slit Brush Layering in riprap 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

After 4 months, great growth from the 500 willows we planted! LaDon says the floodplain bench has about 6 inches of sediment deposition on it.

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking floodplain bench 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking Slit Brush Layering in riprap 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

4 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Looking DS to US Photos by LaDon Atkinson JULY 11, 2009

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking thalweg, SSBW & LPSTP. 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking SSBW, LPSTP & Live Siltation 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

4 MONTHS LATER-From top bank looking project bend 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking project & road 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking US-close-up of floodplain bench. Fantastic growth & great hydraulic roughness. 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

4 MONTHS LATER-Looking a Living Dike on the floodplain bench 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson

Haw Creek Project (5 inch rain 48 hours prior to photos) September 20, 2010 Two Growing Seasons After Completion Photos By Rob Gramke, Regulatory, St. Louis District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Looking upstream from road Sep 2010-notice how wide the shoulder appears now March 2009-bank 4 feet from road

Looking upstream May 2009 April 2010

Looking upstream – September 2010

Looking downstream March 2009 September 2010

Looking downstream from left descending bank. The vegetation has almost completely grown over the rock – Sept 2010

From the road-notice height of willows (Sept 2010) These are happy willows!

Rock toe & short Bendway Weirs

Locked log still in place

Bad dog & sneering baby CLEOPHUS & PEYTON

1947 Wurlitzer & Cleophus Speed Elvis Derrick