UNIT IV: TRANSCENDENTALISM America’s First Identity Crisis 1840 - 1870 “No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature.” -Emerson.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
American Romanticism
Advertisements

Transcend: [verb] to go beyond the limits of; exceed; be above and independent of the physical universe.
The Elements of Romanticism A Renaissance in American Literature.
The Transcendentalists
The American Transcendental Movement. Earliest American Literature to the Romantic Era Earliest Literature to 1800: Native Americans Puritan and Colonial.
American Literature Overview. I.Qualities of America/ Being an American Individualism Individualism Equality Equality Freedom Freedom.
American Romanticism Early 1800’s to 1865.
The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American.
WHO EVER SAID ENGLISH CLASS WASN’T ANY FUN? Please take Cornell style notes on all of the following slides.
The American Transcendental Movement. “A new philosophy has risen maintaining that nothing is everything in general, and everything is nothing in particular”
UNIT IV: TRANSCENDENTALISM America’s First Identity Crisis
American Romanticism We will walk with our own feet we will work with our own hands we will speak our own minds -Ralph Waldo Emerson.
AMERICAN ROMANTICISM I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could.
American Romanticism We will walk with our own feet we will work with our own hands we will speak our own minds -Ralph Waldo Emerson Adapted.
Romanticism Notes Before the Age of Romanticism (Before 1800)
UNIT IV: TRANSCENDENTALISM America’s First Identity Crisis
Romantic Period. Origins The Romanticism movement began around the late 18 th - early 19 th century Started in Europe and then spread to America.
THE AMERICAN RENAISSANCE
TRANSCENDENTALISM TRANSCENDENTALISM Can you Pronounce it? Can you spell it?
Transcendentalism Definition of Transcendentalism Transcendentalism is an American literary, political, and philosophical movement  It was.
Marching to the Beat of a Different Drum
The American Renaissance Declaration of Literary Independence A “rebirth” American literary genius A “rebirth” American literary genius Key.
Transcendentalism ( ) An important movement in American philosophy and literature.
Emotion Supernatural Atmosphere Nature Individual Subjectivity Transcendentalism Gothic Romanticism.
The American Renaissance Hawthorne and Melville Though they seemed like opposites and fifteen years apart with completely different life experiences,
Transcendentalism, Anti- Transcendentalism and the Dark Romantics Ms. Bice English 11.
Chapter 14, Section 2 Pages Great changes were taking place in American culture. The early 1800s brought a revolution in American thought.
Transcendentalism English III.. American Transcendentalism Transcendental Club in Boston in1836.Transcendental Club in Boston in1836. LeadersLeaders Essayist.
American Transcendentalism
Romanticism. Romanticism 1800 – – 1860 An artistic movement that began in Europe and valued imagination and feeling over intellect and reason.
Keep in mind the historical set of Transcendentalism Political turmoil Social Reform Industrialization Immigration.
American Transcendentalism Radical Romantics. Roots of Transcendentalism Romanticism New attitude toward nature, humanity and society that emphasizes.
A literary coming of age  In the mid 1800’s, it was not clear whether America would ever produce a writer as good as William Shakespeare.
THE AMERICAN RENAISSANCE WHAT’S GOING ON IN AMERICA? We need a new style of writing for this new country! After breaking away from England,
Unit 2: Optimism for A New Day: Romanticism and Trancendentalism.
Transcendentalism:  Began as a reform movement in the Unitarian Church, around 1836  Follows the belief that there is an ideal spiritual state, which.
American Romanticism Lit book pg Historical Context Westward Expansion: – 1803: The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the country.
American Romanticism We will walk with our own feet we will work with our own hands we will speak our own minds -Ralph Waldo Emerson.
AN ARTISTIC MOVEMENT THAT GREW OUT OF A REACTION AGAINST THE DOMINANT ATTITUDES OF THE AGE OF REASON ROMANTICISM ( )
American Romanticism. Romanticism Literary and artistic movement Affected literature, paintings, sculpture, and music –Internationally: –England:
TRANSCENDENTALISM. We have listened too long to the courtly muses of Europe…. The mind of this country, taught to aim at low objects, eats upon itself….,We.
The American Renaissance: Romanticism and Transcendentalism Thomas Cole, The Falls of the Kaaterskill, 1826.
American Renaissance 1800 – 1880 Romanticism, Transcendentalism, & Realism We will walk with our own feet we will work with our own hands we will speak.
Transcendentalism 1830s-1840s Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau.
Transcendentalism Going Beyond Reason. Transcendentalism in philosophy and literature is a belief in a higher reality than that found in sense experience.
New England Renaissance
The American Transcendental Movement
The Transcendentalists
Transcendentalism Going Beyond Reason.
"We will walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds...A nation of men will for the first time exist, because each.
The American Transcendental Movement
Transcendentalism An important American Literary and Philosophical Movement (though NOT a religion) 1830s to 1860s “Do not be too moral. You may cheat.
Romanticism English III.
We will walk with our own feet we will work with our own hands
UNIT IV: TRANSCENDENTALISM
We will walk with our own feet we will work with our own hands
American Romanticism.
The Transcendentalists
The Transcendentalists
We will walk with our own feet we will work with our own hands
Transcendentalism An important American Literary and Philosophical Movement (though NOT a religion) 1830s to 1860s “Do not be too moral. You may cheat.
We will walk with our own feet we will work with our own hands
The American Renaissance (1800s-1865) American Romanticism The American Renaissance (1800s-1865)
We will walk with our own feet we will work with our own hands
UNIT IV: TRANSCENDENTALISM
A Quick Overview of Romanticism and Transcendentalism
The Transcendentalists
Presentation transcript:

UNIT IV: TRANSCENDENTALISM America’s First Identity Crisis “No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature.” -Emerson

Literary Nationalism ( ) : America’s obedient schoolboy years

Literary Nationalism ( )  Established national identity  Heroes (e.g., Natty Bumpo)  Anti-heroes (e.g., Tom Walker)  Local color (regional dialect, setting)  National identity rooted in:  B. Franklin’s Virtues  Puritanism  Democracy

Literary Nationalism ( )  Influenced by European Romanticism Truth in absolutes  Heroes = Idealized; impossibly perfect; extraordinary people in extraordinary situations  Anti-Heroes/Enemies = pure evil Morality, thus, is absolute  All good or all evil; no gray area

Romanticism – The Middle School Years

Romanticism – the Middle School Years  The Romantics’ emphasis on the individual reflects the political ideal set forth in the Declaration of Independence that “all men are created equal.” Ben Franklin’s 13 Virtues serves as a sort of spiritual manual for American heroism.  This new emphasis leads to a new focus on the dignity and worth of the common individual and to social reforms that were meant to fulfill this ideal of equality.

Romanticism – Basic Tenants  an intellectual and artistic movement that placed imagination over realism and reason. It includes  high focus on individuality  Common man  Optimism  Reverence and grandeur in nature  the gothic or supernatural  Emphasis on feeling or emotion instead of logic or reason  Escapism  Regional setting  Common language.

In the 1840’s, America enters its teenage years…  and the country experiences its first identity crisis!  Enter the Transcendentalists – and the beginning of America’s adolescence.  This literary period is often described as a renaissance or rebirth (in comparison to the European Renaissance of the 14th- 16th centuries) because of the cultural development between America’s Identity Crisis

TRANSCENDENTALISM: Origins  Two major national issues came together causing America’s “identity crisis”: 1. Slavery 2. Westward expansion America = half free states / half slave Q: Would new states be slave or free?

Additionally…  Transcendentalism is a response to the Industrial Revolution in New England in the 1830s.  Transcendentalists feared that increasing production in factories meant a decreasing sense of self. Mechanization was dehumanizing  but NATURE was spiritual

TRANSCENDENTALISM: Origins  : movement of writers who began to seriously challenge Am. values Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville  Departure from ROMANTICISM (focus on the extraordinary, uncommon, intangible, emotional)  Embracing of REALISM (focus on the ordinary, common, tangible, experiential)

Romanticism --> REALISM  Realism: represents life as it appears to common reader  Captures ordinary people in everyday experiences and settings with almost photographic precision and detail Authors: Mark Twain Edith Wharton John Steinbeck

TRANSCENDENTALISM: What it is  Belief that the transcendent (or spiritual) reality, rather than the material world, is the ultimate reality  mind/spirit > body/society  Transcend: (v.) to go beyond the range or limits of something

TRANSCENDENTALISM: What it is  The transcendental reality can be known not by the rational faculty or logic, but only by intuition or mystical insight Oversoul: a divine spirit that pervades the universe and encompasses all human souls (coined by R.W. Emerson, author)  All people are open to this higher knowledge; it is a philosophy of individualism and self-reliance

TRANSCENDENTALISM: Beliefs…  Americans should simplify life by de- emphasizing materialism and institutions  Material possessions and institutions defined Americans from the outside Culture was disseminated by 4 institutions: 1. Education 2. Family 3. Religion 4. Government Transcendentalists: “No need for this!”  Man is inherently good, so he must trust his own intuition and nature to define his lifestyle (truth is found within us)

TRANSCENDENTALISM: Beliefs  Considered themselves the “Conscience of the Nation”  Challenged individuals to “question authority”  Praised non-conformity  Believed: morality > legality

TRANSCENDENTALISM: Where is truth?  Truth to the transcendentalist = what one wants to find for oneself that has meaning  Believed God is in nature (both physical and intuitive)  Believed truth is found in communion with God (thus, in nature)  Finding one’s own spirituality will lead one to truth  God can’t be found in church God is spiritual, but not ecumenical (belonging to a church)