CONJUGATING LATIN VERBS SECOND CONJUGATION Latin I Latin For Americans Lesson 10

Verb Review  All Latin verbs have four principal parts  amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um  All Latin verbs use personal endings  o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt  I, you, he/she/it, we, y’all, they

Second Conjugation Verbs  Like all first conjugation verbs, second conjugation verbs have four principal parts  habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um

Second Conjugation Verbs  Note that second conjugation uses -ēre instead of -āre in 2 nd Principal Part  video, vidēre, vidi, visus – a, um  augeo, augēre, auxi, auctus – a, um

Second Conjugation Verbs  The formation of the present stem for 2 nd conjugation verbs is the same as 1 st conjugation  2nd P.P. (-) the “re”

Forming Present Stems Form the present stem for the following verbs: 1. augeo, augēre, auxi, auctus – a, um 2. terreo, terrēre, terrui, territus – a, um 3. doceo, docēre, docui, doctus – a, um 4. habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um 5. debeo, debēre, debui, debitus – a, um 6. moveo, movēre, movi, motus – a, um

Second Conjugation Verbs Formation of Present Stem  The only difference is that this stem ends in an “e” instead of an “a”  amāre  amā  habēre  habē  augēre  augē  vidēre  vidē

Second Conjugation Verbs  Likewise, the formulae for conjugating 2 nd conjugation verbs in the present system are identical to those of the 1 st conjugation  Present:Pres. Stem + Pers. Ending  Imperfect:Pres. Stem + ba + P.E.  Future: Pres. Stem +bo/bi/bu + P.E.

Second Conjugation Verbs: Present Tense  habeo, habēre  Stem = habē  Pres Stem + P.E. habeohabemus habeshabetis habethabent  I am holding  you are holding  he is holding  we are holding  y’all are holding  they are holding

Second Conjugation Verbs: Imperfect Tense  Habeo, habēre  Stem = habē  Pres Stem + ba + P.E. habebam habebamus habebas habebatis habebat habebant  I was holding  you were holding  he was holding  we were holding  y’all were holding  they were holding

Second Conjugation Verbs: Future Tense  habeo, habēre  Stem = habē  Pres Stem + bo/bi/bu + Personal Endings habebohabebimus habebishabebitis habebithabebunt  I shall hold  you will hold  he will hold  we shall hold  y’all will hold  they will hold

Second Conjugation Verbs: Present Imperative  Present Imperative is also formed exactly like 1 st conjugation verbs  Singular Imperative:Present Stem  Plural Imperative:Present Stem + te habeo, habēre  habe: hold!habete: hold! moveo, movēre  move: move!movete: move!

Second Conjugation Verbs  The Moral of the Story:  Apply the same rules for 1 st conjugation verbs to 2 nd conjugation verbs  The only difference is in the vowel in the present stem 1 st conjugation has -ā:amā- 1 st conjugation has -ā:amā- 2 nd conjugation has -ē:habē- 2 nd conjugation has -ē:habē-