MLB - Core Courses Kinetic processes in materials

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Presentation transcript:

MLB - Core Courses -3.21- Kinetic processes in materials Jean-Philippe Péraud Course 2 May 4th, 2012

Phase Transformations Mass Diffusion in general -Mathematical concepts -Diffusion equation and associated phenomena -Solution methods 3 main parts Diffusion processes -relate microscopic effects to macroscopic equations and parameters Phase Transformations -continuous -discontinuous -kinetics of transformation -stability problems

Forces and fluxes Force-flux relations force=-grad(potential) Onsager Constraint on quantities merges potentials. network constraint, electrochemical, elastochemical potential…

Diffusivities and frames 1 *1 Self-diffusivity *D Intrinsic diffusivity Interdiffusivity, Darken equation

Interdiffusion & Kirkendall JA C-Frame JV JB A B v Vacancy sinks Dislocation shrink Vacancy sources Dislocation climb

Solution of diffusion equation: Toolbox Point source Step function Fourier series + superposition principle +method of images

Typical problems C=0 J=0

Diffusivity and random walks Sequence of random jumps Average displacement = 0 Average squared displacement proportional to D

Diffusivity and random walks Simple models for frequency of jumps More or less complicated depending on diffusion mechanism Correlation factor

Diffusion in ionic crystals Kröger-Vink notation, Schottky, Frenkel defects Be able to write the equation of incorporation of impurities Use equation of equilibrium (Keq)+balance of charges Identify diffusion regimes D Position depends on PO2 1/T

Other diffusion mechanisms. In brief. In grain boundaries In amorphous materials Polymers (by reptation)

Capillary phenomena: surface smoothing By surface diffusion By vapor transport + + + - - -

Capillary phenomena: anisotropic surface tension

Capillary phenomena: coarsening and grain growth Diffusion limited Source-limited N-6 rule grows shrinks Fluxes of atoms joining or leaving the particle

Continuous transformations: spinodal decomposition Due to concave free energy profile in miscibility gap Be able to explain Cahn-Hilliard equation Kinetics: use perturbation to derive critical and thermodynamic wavelength+amplification factor Credit: Balluffi, Allen, Carter, Kinetics of Materials

Continuous transformations: order-disorder transformation No energy barrier in concave up regions Be able to explain Allen-Cahn equation Kinetics: use perturbation to derive critical and thermodynamic wavelength+amplification factor Credit: Balluffi, Allen, Carter, Kinetics of Materials

Nucleation Curve-to-curve and tangent to curve construction Calculate Rc and ΔGc Determine steady state rate. Heterogeneous nucleation: almost the same thing

Not covered: stability of moving interfaces

Advice Get some sleep Don’t panic Always try to answer (partial credit)

Questions