Chapter 6 Section 1 Objectives: Identify the first steps taken by the Washington Administration Understand how George Washington established precedents for other presidents to follow

QUIZ

WASHINGTON LEADS First President, ever No models to follow Constitution is more of a limiting document. It is meant to prevent Washington, and his successors, from becoming tyrants. It does not guide Washington or the first Congress in how to run the day to day business of government.

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH Judiciary Act of 1789 The Constitution did not provide for a federal judiciary. It only stated that there should be a Supreme Court. Congress had to decide how many judges there would be, how long they would serve, and how they would be appointed. This Act was one of the first tests of the system of Checks and Balances. WHY?

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH Washington begins his cabinet with 3 departments: Alexander Thomas Henry Hamilton Jefferson Knox Secretary Secretary Secretary of Treasury of State of War

HAMILTON VS. JEFFERSON FEDERALIST STRONG GOVT ELITIST/ARISTOCRAT COMMERCIAL/ BUSINESS FOCUS FAVORS CREDITORS WANTS A NATIONAL BANK ANTIFEDERALIST STRONG STATE GOVT POPULIST/PLAIN PEOPLE FARMER/CITIZEN IDEAL FAVORS DEBTORS OPPOSES NATIONAL BANK

6.1 ORGANIZER FEDERALISTS VS. REPUBLICANS Leaders Beliefs Goals

Congressional Pugilists, 1798 A cartoonist satirizes the fiercely partisan debates in Congress surrounding the Alien and Sedition Acts. (Library of Congress) Congressional Pugilists, 1798 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

DEBT AND BANK CONTROVERSY PROCON Hamilton Govt. will assume debt from war Northern states war costs benefited all states, should be paid by all Creditors will be paid Foreign govts. and veterans will be paid Broad interpretation of Constitution Jefferson Southern states already paid debt Natl. Bank is unhealthy for republic Favors few creditors at expense of all Bank is Unconstitutional Narrow interpretation of Constitution COMPROMISE: MOVE THE NATION’S CAPITAL FROM NEW YORK CITY TO A SOUTHERN LOCATION. VIRGINIA BACKS THE PLAN, DEADLOCK RESOLVED, D.C. is BORN

Foreign Debt $11,710,000 Federal Domestic Debt $42,414,000 State Debt $21,500,000 Misc. Revenue Excise Revenue (Whiskey, etc.) Customs Duties (Tariffs) Hamilton’s Financial Structure Supported by Revenues VOCAB!!!

Tax collector scene from Whiskey Rebellion In 1794, the new federal government passed an excise tax on whiskey made from surplus American grains. Farmers in western Pennsylvania rose up in protest against what they considered an unfair assault on their livelihood. Using tactics straight out of the pre-Revolutionary War era, including tarring and feathering the "revenooer" assigned to collect the taxes, the "Whiskey Rebels" challenged the federal government's authority. President Washington met this challenge by assembling an army of almost 13,000 men to put down the Whiskey Rebellion. Critics declared the president's response excessive. Do you agree? (Library of Congress) Tax collector scene from Whiskey Rebellion Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

WHISKEY REBELLION KEY IDEA: Hamilton saw the Whiskey Rebellion as an opportunity to show the Federal Governments ability to resolve domestic problems and assert the new government’s authority.