05/01/02Joel Boydston - South Florida Community College CHAPTER 1 FOUNDATIONS OF WEB SITE CREATION 20 Slides

FOUNDATIONS OF WEBSITE CREATION INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET

3 IT’S ONLY BEEN 30 YEARS FOLKS! 1960s & 70s - UNIX Operating System, ARPANET, Microsoft and Apple founded (1975 & 1976 respectively). & FTP specifications established & Processors. Compuserve founded 1980s - IBM PC / (MS) DOS, Apple Macintosh, MS Windows. DNS Introduction, 100,000 Internet Users 1990s - Windows 3.x & 9x. Power PC and Pentium Processors. WWW created, Mosaic, Netscape & IE Browsers. 10,000,000 Internet Users

4 Before 1993, the internet was text-based. Mosaic was the first graphical browser. Tim Berners-Lee develops the World Wide Web concept incorporating addressing (URLs), a transporting protocol (HTTP), and a markup Language for creating pages (HTML) HTML was developed as a smaller, more complex subset of the more complex SGML

5 The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), created in 1994 by Berners-Lee to assure the consistency and interoperability of the World Wide Web and Internet The Internet Society (ISOC) is a non-governmental, non-profit organization dedicated to maintaining and enhancing the Internet. ISOC is supported by: Internet Architecture Board (IAB) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) Other WWW Organizations - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

FOUNDATIONS OF WEBSITE CREATION INTERNET CONNECTION

7 Bandwidth - How fast data flows Bandwidth is described in Bits Per Second (bps) and Kilobits Per Second (Kbps), or “thousands” of bits per second (Mbps anyone?) Thus, 56,000 bps is the same as 56 Kbps (may also be seen as 56Kb or 56K) Adobe’s ® GoLive allows you to preview your website loading at various speeds.

8 An Internet Service Provider (ISP) provides the connection to the internet Home users can choose from any of several current connection technologies: Dialup modem – connections have gone from 300 bps up to today’s common connection speed of 56 Kb ISDN - 64Kb to 128Kb DSL - Typically 512Kb Cable Modem - Broadband technology up to 1.5 Mbps T-carrier Systems (T1 - T3) - Common in commercial environments. Up to 45 Mbps See or for more infowww.2wire.com.comwww.directvdsl.comwww.sprint.com

FOUNDATIONS OF WEBSITE CREATION INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES

Client requests for data or service are delivered to a Server computer that has the requested information, data, or service On the internet, client requests are initiated using a PC-based browser application like Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer, Opera, or other The internet is one huge network with many shared devices and servers

11 TCP - Transmission Control Protocol - operates at OSI layer 4 to establish and guarantee packet delivery IP - Internet Protocol - operates at OSI layer 3 and provides a method for addressing and routing of data packets across the internet HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol - operates at OSI layer 7 and used by browsers to transfer files between hosts on the internet. FTP - File Transfer Protocol - operates at OSI layer 7 and used to transfer files between internet hosts

12 Let’s try decoding a few URLs:

13 FTP - Like HTTP, used to transfer files over the internet. Unlike HTTP however, FTP is often used to copy other files types (non- ‘.html’) from site to site. FTP is also frequently used to move website updates from your host computer to your ISP’s web server.

14 The Telnet application is used to login as a client to a server located on either a local or remote network The protocol SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) is commonly used with one of the more powerful, server-side POP3 and IMAP protocols and is used to store and transfer electronic mail from client-to-client over the internet

FOUNDATIONS OF WEBSITE CREATION BROWSERS AND BROWSER FUNCTIONS

16 Since 1993, when Mosaic was developed, graphical browsers have been the driving force behind interest in, and development of, the world wide web. The statistics above are provided by Browser Watch at The two most popular browsers are Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. Internet Explorer was developed from the earlier Mosaic program

17 A simple text formatting language that merely describes what to display and where to display it. HTML “... was never intended to address the presentation of a document... When HTML was extended to try to encompass things like fonts and layout, it has been largely unsuccessful.” Hyperlinks vs. linear media presentation. You get to decide what to view next. This can be either a very powerful tool or a daunting weapon in the hands of inexperienced HTML programmers

18 This is what’s going on behind the scenes. You’ll become familiar with many of the most common coding techniques As a web designer, you need to know that effectively designed web pages are designed with the hope of high placement in the search engine hit lists

19 When you don’t want to forget where you’ve been... Use bookmarks to organize your favorites! Don’t forget though, web sites can change over time... Old links can ‘go dark’ without notice Use multimedia sparingly! Too much can become visually distressing

FOUNDATIONS OF WEBSITE CREATION INTERNET SERVICES, APPLICATIONS AND PLUG-INS

21 Many web development programs like Adobe GoLive and Macromedia Dreamweaver have FTP capabilities built right into the software Despite its growing popularity as an internet application, Instant Messaging is not permitted in this classroom. As functional usages of the internet go, instant messaging is Neanderthal in its execution. Also, see the last note to the left

FOUNDATIONS OF WEBSITE CREATION THE END!