Renaissance World History 3/20/20161

Renaissance A period from when there was a renewed interest in history, literature and art. Renaissance = “Rebirth” Europe’s economic recovery Renewed study of ancient Greece and Rome 3/20/20162

Early Renaissance The style and ideas from the Early Renaissance carried throughout the Renaissance period and left a lasting impact on modern culture. The Renaissance Period is characterized by: – Return to Classical Art styles – Increase in Literary Works; Mass production of books – Humanist Views 3/20/20163

“Renaissance” Men & Women People who excelled in many fields Well read, charming, witty, and well educated in the classics Da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, inventor, & scientist; deeply interested in how things worked 3/20/20164

Humanism oHumanism was an ideal that focused on human potential & achievements; the world of mankind as much as a concern for the hereafter. oRejected medieval view of humanity and focused on the goodness of mankind oPopularized study of subjects common to classical education, such as history, literature & philosophy (Humanities) 3/20/20165

Humanism Con’t Humanists took Christian ideas and secular and pagan (Greek and Roman) ideas to gain knowledge useful in making them better people – Virtuous, responsible, educated citizens, aware of what had been thought and done at other times and places. The humanists sought to understand what it was to be fully human. 3/20/20166

Rise of Humanism Involved the modern discovery or rediscovery of those fields we now call the humanities: – History, moral and political philosophy, poetry, literature, rhetoric, grammar, and linguistic study and interpretation. Humanism was a deliberate revival, or "renaissance" of the arts and humanities of Greece and Rome. 3/20/20167

PATRON: Someone who buys artwork  Financially supports artists so they can continue creating art  Many popes used artwork to beatify their homes and churches  Wealthy families, like the Medici spent generous amounts of $$ on artwork 3/20/20168

Innovations Frescoes- art created on damp plaster Oil paints Realistic portrayal of human nature Linear Perspective= 3 dimensions 3/20/20169

Giotto Giotto is considered to be the most influential artist on Renaissance painting. Father of the Renaissance Giotto’s dignified figures seemed to displace space, to stand upon the ground with real substance and weight. The figures seem to extend both backward, into the picture, and forward, toward the spectator’s space. 3/20/201610

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One Point Linear Perspective Pierro della Francesca “View of an Ideal City” 3/20/201612

3/20/ The Holy Trinity

Carefully analyzed perspective and geometry The Discovery and Proving of the True Cross 3/20/201614

Donatello ( ) New sense of naturalism in sculpture Use of classical contrapposoto stance (relaxed not rigid) Statue of David considered first full scale nude since ancient times 3/20/201615

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Andrea Mantegna ( ) Created unusual vantage points Looking at figures from below Lamentation of the Dead Christ the viewer is looking from the feet of the subject. Deep foreshortening Effectively placed the viewer at the scene, adding to the sense of empathy 3/20/201617

Lamentation of the Dead Christ Use of unusual vantage points 3/20/201618

Sandra Boticelli ( ) First artist to paint a full-length female nude In Birth of Venus the figure occupies the center of the work which was traditionally reserved for the Virgin. This work is possibly the most pagan image of the entire Renaissance. 3/20/201619

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Michelangelo Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet and engineer. Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines rendered him a contender for the title of the “Renaissance Man”, along with his rival and fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci 3/20/201621

Michelangelo 3/20/201622

Michelangelo 3/20/201623

Literature in the Early Renaissance 3/20/201624

Machiavelli The Prince examines imperfection of human beings Believed most people were selfish, fickle & corrupt Examined how a ruler could gain & keep power Not concerned with what was morally right, but with what was politically effective 3/20/201625

Impact of Movable Type Invented in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg Led to a great demand for books in the mid 15 th century – Printers met the high demand by printing an over- abundance of books. – Prices plummeted (20% less than a manuscript) Aided in political and religious revolution Humanist movement fueled its success. – Canterbury Tales and Dante’s Divine Comedy were some of the first printed Led to the rise of the vernacular – written in own language (non-Latin) literary text 3/20/201626

Gutenberg’s Press 3/20/201627