Water: Humans and Usage. Dry Climates Gobi Desert: Historically small annual precipitation Too Little Water.

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Presentation transcript:

Water: Humans and Usage

Dry Climates Gobi Desert: Historically small annual precipitation Too Little Water

Sahara Desert: also little rain

Too Little Water Overdraft: H 2 O is withdrawn faster than replaced. Water table falls, wells dry up Will occur when removing more H 2 O than is “recharged” by rain/snowmelt

Depleted due to agriculture. Supplies H 2 O to 80% of people living here. Corn and wheat farmers! Good ex of TOC Case Study: Ogallala Aquifer

Problems with Aquifer Depletion

Subside nce Overdraft causes porous formations to collapse San Joaquin Valley has sunk 10m in 50 years

Guatemala City, 2010

Ex: Sinkholes Underground cavern or channels collapse Causes death of aquifer

Saltwater Intrusion  Salt water = more dense than fresh  Continual fresh water forces back salt water  When fresh water is reduced, salt water can intrude into aquifer.

Buildup of salt that never washed away. May render land unfit for crop production if not heavily irrigated. Salinization

Cities & Industry Compete heavily with agriculture for water Built Aqueducts to transport water from distances.

Discussion: How can we save freshwater? Brainstorm methods to share out!

Increasing Water Supplies

Distillation: Remove salt from H 2 O by boiling & recondensing (adding cold) Ex: all water in Oman and Bahrain Desalinization

Reverse Osmosis: Forces salt water through a membrane impermeable to salt Desalinization

1.Expensive to operate and maintain 2.Large Input of Energy Required 3.Excess salts go where? Probs w/Desalinization

Harvesting Icebergs –Carry fresh water to places in need –Economically or environmentally sound?

Increasing Water Supplies Seeding Clouds Use dry ice or KI 2 crystals to cause rain to precipitate out of clouds Takes H 2 O out of clouds that would fall elsewhere  drought? –Possible contamination?

Where Do We Get Our Water From?

Delivery 1: Colorado River Aqueduct Approx. 60 % delivered from river

About 30 % delivered from here Snow melt from Sierra Nevada Mtn Range Delivery 2: Los Angeles Aqueduct

LA diverts fresh water that should go to Mono Lake  high salinity

10% from here Recharged with LA Rain Delivery 3 : Los Angeles Groundwater

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