Chapter 11 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexuality In Childhood and Adolescence Ko

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Small Group Discussion  Answer the questions on page 358 in your text book

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Biology, Family, and Culture  Familial teachings are powerful when it comes to premarital sex and attitudes using condoms and other contraceptives  A community, in its negative and positive valuation of sex shapes sexual attitudes and behavior

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Healthy Sexuality and Values in Childhood and Adolescence  Giving age-appropriate advice about sexual well- being helps to ensure that children grow up with a positive attitude about their own sexuality  Children understand how to make healthy decisions that allow them to enjoy their own sexual development

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Emotional Literacy in Young People  Young people learn by observing how their parents and other important people in their lives behave toward each other  Discovering what is normative for sexual behaviors in children and adolescents is not an easy task because of the variation between individuals, families, and cultures  Answer the questions on page 362 individually, then discuss in your groups

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Infants as Sensual Beings  For infants, sexuality begins with sensuality  Penile erections in young infants are common  Parents begin to transmit value messages with regard to what they consider sexual behaviors  Sexualized behaviors: Human behaviors that are sexual in nature  Value messages: Moral statements regarding a particular behavior, issue, or event  Autoerotic: Sexualized behaviors that are self-stimulated  Sexual socialization: Process of learning values and norms of sexual behaviors

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Childhood Curiosity, Masturbation, and Sexual Play  Sexual exploration - Children show curiosity about the bodies of other children and adults  Professionals link atypical behaviors to sexual abuse or to an inappropriate level of exposure to sexual material  Childhood masturbation typically occurs among one third of children from infancy through preschool

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Small Group Discussion  How many of you think that it is “normal” for kids to engage in sexual play? If you found your 6 year old daughter playing doctor with a little boy, would you be OK with it? Even after what you have read in the text, and what we have discussed in class, how many of you would be concerned if you saw your four year old child engage in frequent masturbation?

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. How “Normal” is Sex Play in Children?  According to many psychologists and developmental experts, children begin to engage in sex play during the 3- to 7-year age range. Kinsey and colleagues (1948) reported that by age 5, 10% of all boys and 13% of all girls had experienced childhood sexual exploration and play. Keep in mind that would indicate that 90% of boys and 87% of girls had NOT engaged in these activities.

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Table Sexual Behaviors in 2- to 4-Year-Olds

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Table Sexual Behaviors in 5- to 8-Year-Olds

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Table Sexual Behaviors in 9- to 11-Year-Olds

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Childhood Curiosity, Masturbation, and Sexual Play  Children begin to engage in sex play during the 3- to 7-year age range  Will not progress to anything further than enjoying their own interactions and sensations  Children begin to enact marriage scripts by about age 5  Marriage scripts: Mental or cognitive representations of marriage including ideas about how married couples interact  Instills messages about the value of reproduction

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Defining Adolescence  How do you define adolescence? In your answer, indicate what you believe about (a) when adolescence begins and ends (give ages); (b) what, besides age, indicates that adolescence is beginning or ending, and what the “signs” are that mark the boundaries of this time of life; and, (c) what, if anything, makes adolescence a special time of life.

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexuality in Adolescence  The magical age of 10: Development of desire  Around the age of 10, children display more purposeful sexual behaviors  The biological changes of adolescence: pubertal development  Physical, mental, and behavioral changes  Take a few years to complete

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Biological Changes of Adolescence: Pubertal Development  Secondary sex characteristics: Physical characteristics other than genital development that are signs of maturation  Growth spurt  Body hair growth  Changes in body contours  Breast development  Enlargement of the external genitals

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Figure Secondary Sex Characteristics in Males and Females

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Puberty for Girls  Growth continues throughout pubertal development  Concludes between the ages of 14 and 16  Menarche, the first menstrual period, typically occurs at years  Secular trend: Age of menarche dropping in the 20 th century  Precocious puberty: Occurs several years before the average age

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Early Menstruation  In the United States, menstruation usually begins around 12 years of age. This age has declined significantly throughout history. In Europe in the early 1800s, the average age of a girl’s first period was 17 (Steingraber, 2007). In 1900, the average age of a first period among girls in the U.S. was 14.2 and now, the average age for girls beginning menstruation is about 12.4 years. Reasons can include diet and nutrition, exposure to chemicals, and childhood obesity. What factors do you think play a role in this? Do you see this as problematic?

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Ethnic Diversity in Pubertal Changes  Due to the differences in diet and health around the world, there is a difference in age at menarche  Average age of menarche is higher in countries where individuals are more likely to be malnourished or to suffer from diseases

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Puberty for Boys  Testes growth begins to occur around the age of 12  Approximately 1 year after the penis begins to grow, boys become capable of ejaculation  Spermarche: First ejaculation  Nocturnal emission - Ejaculation during sleep

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Table Sexual Behaviors in 12- to 18-Year-Olds

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexual Behaviors in Adolescence  Masturbation  Important milestone in adolescent sexual development  Provides an avenue for the release of sexual tension, and an educational experience for many individuals  Touching, making out, and other sexual behaviors  To maintain their technical virginity, adolescents often feel free to engage in noncoital sexual expression to connect with one another

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexual Behaviors in Adolescence  Sexual intercourse  Adolescents in long-term relationships engage in intercourse because they feel a close connection to their romantic partner and desire a further intimacy with that individual

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. STIs, Pregnancy, and Contraception  The United States has the highest rates of certain STIs in the industrial world. Reasons include inadequate sex education and sexual health education, and the absence of honest dialogue about sexual pleasure and risk among young people today.  Most teenagers do not use contraception during the first several times they engage in sexual intercourse  Sexual education - Benefit from new information about contraception and STI transmission

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexuality in Context: The Role of Institutions  Families - When parents balance the positive aspects of sex, those children feel more emotionally ready  Peers - Children and adolescents turn to their friends for answers to their questions about sex  Mostly when parents fail to engage in meaningful conversations about sex with their children

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexuality in Context: The Role of Institutions  Media  Sexualization: Process of being treated as a sex object  Public and private spaces - Social networking spaces, websites, and blogs

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexuality in Context: The Role of Institutions  Media and body image - Barrage of information in the media dictates much of what we deem beautiful or sexy  Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS)

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Religion & Adolescent Sexual Relationships  Review page 374 individually, then discuss in your groups.  How has religion played a role in your sexuality?

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexuality Education in Schools  Reasons why abstinence-only model of sex education was unsuccessful  Is ineffective in delaying the onset of sexual behavior and in preventing STIs and unintended pregnancies  Is based on false assumptions about sexual behavior

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexuality Education in Schools  Uses scare tactics emphasizing fear, shame, danger and the risk of diseases, and unintended pregnancy  Reinforces negative attitudes about sexuality leading to inaccurate sexual knowledge  Does not prepare young people to develop healthy relationships across the life span

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexuality Education in Schools  Student perspectives about sexual education  Indicate a desire to:  Make their own decisions  Have a voice in their own sexual development and behavior,  Have access to information that will help them find more pleasure in their relationships

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexuality Education in Schools  Categories of sexual education programs  Abstinence-only programs  Highly ineffective in their goal  Comprehensive sexuality education programs  Provides information  Provides opportunities to explore

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexuality Education in Schools  Helps develop healthy interpersonal skills  Encourages sexual responsibility  Youth development programs  Seek to develop youths' sense of belonging, group membership, self-worth among others

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

To Teach or Not to Teach Sexual Pleasure?  Answer questions 1-3 on page 388 in your groups

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Porn in Sex Ed?  Paul Joannides Paul Joannides Paul Joannides

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexual Health in Europe and the United States  Young people enjoy better sexual health and well-being in western Europe, compared to many regions of the United States  Sex education begins years earlier  Involves better health care  Offers free access to information  Provides contraceptives  Has much broader societal and government