Moving Particles Make Up All Matter!Moving Particles Make Up All Matter! We can use the ENERGY of this movement to explain states of matter!We can use the ENERGY of this movement to explain states of matter!

Here is the basic idea….. The state of matter of a substance is determined by how fast the particles are moving (how much KINETIC ENERGY is present) and how strongly the particles are attracted to one another!The state of matter of a substance is determined by how fast the particles are moving (how much KINETIC ENERGY is present) and how strongly the particles are attracted to one another!

A solid has a definite shape and volume.A solid has a definite shape and volume. Particles of a solid do not have the kinetic energy to move fast enough to overcome the strong attraction between them, so they are held tightly in place.Particles of a solid do not have the kinetic energy to move fast enough to overcome the strong attraction between them, so they are held tightly in place. The particles vibrate in place.The particles vibrate in place.

Crystalline solids have an orderly, 3-D, repeating pattern.Crystalline solids have an orderly, 3-D, repeating pattern. Examples: iron, diamond, ice, and salt crystalsExamples: iron, diamond, ice, and salt crystals Amorphous solids are composed of particles in no particular order.Amorphous solids are composed of particles in no particular order. Examples: rubber and wax.Examples: rubber and wax.

A liquid will take the shape of whatever container it is in and has a definite volume.A liquid will take the shape of whatever container it is in and has a definite volume. Particles have the kinetic energy to move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction between them. The particles are able to slide past one another.Particles have the kinetic energy to move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction between them. The particles are able to slide past one another. The particles vibrate and rotate.The particles vibrate and rotate.

Since particles in liquids are close to one another, it is difficult to push them closer together. They have a definite volume.Since particles in liquids are close to one another, it is difficult to push them closer together. They have a definite volume. This is why liquids are used in hydraulic systems, like brakes on a car. When you step on the brake, you apply a force to the liquid. The fluid applies a force, pushing the brake pad against the wheels, which slows the car!This is why liquids are used in hydraulic systems, like brakes on a car. When you step on the brake, you apply a force to the liquid. The fluid applies a force, pushing the brake pad against the wheels, which slows the car!

A gas changes both shape and volume!A gas changes both shape and volume! Particles of a gas have the kinetic energy to move fast enough to overcome nearly all of the attraction between them.Particles of a gas have the kinetic energy to move fast enough to overcome nearly all of the attraction between them. The particles move independently of one another. They vibrate, rotate, and translate.The particles move independently of one another. They vibrate, rotate, and translate.

Laws describe gas behavior Boyle’s Law: for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure decreases.Boyle’s Law: for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure decreases.

Laws describe gas behavior Charles’s Law: for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature increases.Charles’s Law: for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature increases.

Plasma is the state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume and whose particles have broken apart.Plasma is the state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume and whose particles have broken apart. A plasma has so much energy that the particles have become ionized – broken down into cations and anions.A plasma has so much energy that the particles have become ionized – broken down into cations and anions. Natural plasmas are found in lightning, fire, and the auroras.Natural plasmas are found in lightning, fire, and the auroras.