The British Regime

Quick Review - Quizzle Economy: Aboriginal and French Regime

1) First Nations peoples took part in a subsistence economy, which means: a) They made profit from agriculture. b) They did what they needed to do to ensure that their basic needs be met. c) They were trying to amass as much gold as possible.

2) Aboriginal groups were not entirely self-sufficient, so they a) Stole from one another. b) Traded with other groups to get what they needed. c) Often died as a result.

3) The Algonquians lived in this climate zone: a) subarctic climate zone (Canadian Shield) b) humid continental zone (Saint Lawrence River Valley) c) Arctic climate zone

4) What was the first resource to be exploited in North America? a) Tobacco b) Furs c) Apples d) Fish

5) True or False. In the late 16 th century, the French realised that the beaver pelts fishers had been obtaining from natives had a much higher value in Europe.

6) What negative effect did European contact have on the Native Groups? a) Trade favoured some native groups and not others which created conflicts b) Rivalries between native nations were intensified and wars broke out c) Natives contracted infectious diseases causing a sharp decrease in native population d) A and B e) A and C f) B and C g) All of the above h) None of the above

9) What is depicted in the image? a) Mercantilism b) Triangular trade c) Underground railway

10) Iron was one of New France’s other economic activities because: a) They ran out of furs  Shipbuilding and ironworks industries were created to diversify the economy of New France.  There was not enough wood to make the ships.

 Created the province of Quebec  Major changes for political & legal organization  Little initial change for economy ◦ Britain’s policy was similar to that of France ◦ Based on mercantilism

 Protectionism: an economic policy intended to protect a country/empire from foreign competition ◦ ie: Britain preferred buying/importing goods from its colonies, instead of buying from somewhere else  Preferential tariffs: lower customs duties on products imported from the colonies ◦ ie: Britain’s Corn Laws gave the colonies’ grain merchants a lower tax rate so they could sell their products at a lower price (would later be adopted for wood and wheat)

 After the conquest, many French merchants returned to France  Those who stayed had to adapt to the changes and become partners with British merchants in order to remain successful  A new business class developed, which became known as the British Party (they demanded that British laws and institutions be put into place in the province of Quebec) ◦ Opposed Governor Murray and Carleton who had a conciliatory attitude towards the French

 The North West Company (NWC) was formed by new Montreal merchants formed to compete against the already successful Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) – fur trade company  Both groups opened more and more trading posts, which increased fur production

 Battles over territory occurred between the HBC and NWC  Britain encouraged the two groups to join together under the HBC name ◦ But, at the same time fur was not as popular anymore in Europe ◦ Growth of the timber trade reduced hunting grounds ◦ Fusion of the companies left natives with only one buyer for their products

 Became increasingly important at the end of the 19 th century ◦ 1806: Great Britain was at war with France (Napoleon blocked British access to lumber, forcing them to look elsewhere) ◦ Preferential tariffs were established, encouraging merchants to develop the industry ◦ Commercial and military needs of Britain encouraged the growth of shipyards

 Many secondary activities also developed because of the timber trade: ◦ Saw mills, naval construction, building construction ◦ New activities provided jobs for many