© West Educational Publishing Mental Disorders Week 9-PS124 M ost people with mental disorders have been overwhelmed by stress and can no longer cope. Another group suffer from disturbances created by chemical malfunctions. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Causes of Mental Disorders Combination of these reasons EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Definitions of Abnormal Behaviors 1. The person may have extreme anxiety, endless worry, and depression. 2. The person acts in bizarre ways. He or she cannot react normally or is constantly depressed. 3. The person cannot act out his or her role efficiently. 4. The person has self-defeating behaviors. 5. The person sees the world as threatening, dangerous, and rejecting. It is better to work on softening your world view. (Saphir- Whorf) EXIT

© West Educational Publishing It’s All a Matter of Degree EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Disorders of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Description: Child may be  unable to focus on a task  easily distracted or frustrated  impulsive  constantly moving and restless Causes are still unknown Treatment varies  Ritalin (stimulant)  Structuring the child’s environment  1 / 3 of cases continue into adulthood EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Sanjay’s Tips for helping with ADHD/ADD 1. Being consistent in rules/regulations (from school to home and vice versa) 2. Is the kid a kinesthetic learner? 3. Reward physical activities outside the classroom with performance in the classroom. 4. Are the parents fighting or giving inconsistent messages to the child? 5. What does the child’s nutritional diet consist of? Cut out Yellow #5, RD#40, etc. Eat an organic, raw-foods diet, and cut out sugar, etc. Check with a doctor and nutritionist first.

© West Educational Publishing Autism  fails to develop communication patterns, social interactions, and emotional responses.  is difficult to feed, and does not respond with smiles.  may rock or stare off into space.  may not attach to adults but will to objects.  may not have recognition or a visible response to the spoken word. Description: The child Causes are unknown; may be brain malfunction; heredity may play a part. Treatment varies and is inconsistent. Degree of autism is biggest factor in deciding how to treat. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Anxiety Disorders Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension that includes sweating palms, erratic breathing, and a pounding heart. Click on the disorders for more information. Phobias Obsessive- Compulsive Behaviors Panic Disorder EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Panic Disorders Occur when the person is under stress Caused by physical and chemical problems Medicine can reduce symptoms Overwhelming attacks of anxiety Psychotherapy can be useful Click for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Agoraphobia is fear of leaving a familiar place. Most phobics are women. Certain objects or events can “disable” a person. Phobias Can include very specific categories such as snakes. Click for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Obsessions are recurring thoughts. Some drugs can reduce symptoms. Compulsions are ritualized behaviors. Result from guilt, anxiety, and insecurity. Obsessive- Compulsive Behaviors Click for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Somatoform Disorders Conversion Disorders (psychosomatic) Hypochondriasis Psychological problem is converted into a physiological dysfunction. People overly concerned about their health. An illness occurs for every physical complaint. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Memories related to a trauma disappear. Memories related to a trauma disappear and the person starts life all over. A person will have several personalities that are unique. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Mood Disorders Mania Bipolar Major Depression Dysthymic Disorder Moderate depression that will go away without therapy Lasting from a couple of weeks to months Restlessness, inability to concentrate, and rapid speech Swings of mania and depression EXIT

© West Educational Publishing  Difficult to trace cause, as the problem can come and go without treatment.  Females are twice as likely to be moderately depressed and to suffer from dysthymic disorder as males; four times as likely to suffer from major depression. Males and females suffer from bipolar disorder at about the same rate, however.  Depression lies on a continuum from mild to severe; moderate depression can turn into major depression. Causes of Mood Disorders MILDMODERATESEVERE EXIT

© West Educational Publishing  Learned helplessness (Martin Seligman) is a factor associated with depression. In this situation, people believe they are unable to help themselves get better. Also, Seligman has books entitled Learned Optimism & Authentic Happiness. Seligman teaches at the University of Pennsylvania and is one of the pioneers of Positive Psychology.  People with poor self-images are more prone to depression. Psychocybernetics by Maxwell Maltz, M.D.  Levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain also play a role in mania and depression. Causes of Mood Disorders (continued) EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Characteristics of Psychotic Disorders 1. Thought Disorders... a distortion of thinking 4. Inappropriate emotional responses 3. Delusions... false or inaccurate beliefs 2. Hallucinations... to see or hear things that are not present EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Schizophrenic Disorders Symptoms Disorganized Thoughts Hallucinations Delusions Garbled Speech Word Salad Clanging EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Types of Schizophrenia Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated Sufferers can hold an unusual posture for hours Feelings of persecution and suspiciousness Difficult to distinguish symptoms EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Hereditary and Environmental Factors in Schizophrenia 1. Heredity plays a role but is not the only or major cause ( a person may have a predisposition). 2. Environment may play a role in the development of schizophrenia but is not the major factor. 3. A strange and bizarre family life may trigger appearance in someone who is predisposed. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Chemical Factors in Schizophrenia 1. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter found in the brain. 2. Schizophrenics have very high levels of dopamine. 3. They report that they feel agitated, talk rapidly, and their thoughts are racing. 4. Some schizophrenics report that lower levels of dopamine make them feel better. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Personality Disorders Antisocial Personality Disorder These people consistently come into conflict with the law and show little or no concern, guilt, or anxiety. Borderline Personality Disorder These people have unstable and intense relationships with others. They are dependent on others and yet, sabotage those relationships. They have problems controlling their impulses; their perceptions and thoughts are distorted. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Summary of Main Topics Covered Abnormal Behaviors Childhood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Somatoform Disorders Dissociative Disorders Mood Disorders Conversion Hypochondriasis { { Amnesia, Fugue, D. I. D. { Dysthymic, Depression, Mania, Bipolar Causes of Mental Disorders ADHD Autism { Panic Disorder, Phobias, Obsessive-Compulsive { Psychotic Disorders Schizophrenic Disorders EXIT