Atomic Theory ScientistExperimentContributionAtomic Model Democritus (ca 400 BCE ) (thought)atomos = indivisible particle ‘grains of sand’

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Atomic Theory ScientistExperimentContributionAtomic Model Democritus (ca 400 BCE ) (thought)atomos = indivisible particle ‘grains of sand’

Atomic Theory important discoveries used to develop Atomic Theory: 1.Law of Definite Proportion Different samples of the same compound always contain its constituent elements in the same proportions. (e.g., H 2 O is always two parts hydrogen & one part oxygen) 2.Law of Multiple Proportions If two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers. (e.g., CO - 1:1 and CO 2 - 1:2) 3.Law of Conservation of Mass Matter can neither be created or destroyed. (mass reactants = mass products )

Atomic Theory Conservation of mass: 1.Why does the mass decrease when sugar is burned? C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 (g) -> CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(g) 2.Why does the mass of a nail increase when it rusts? Fe + O2(g) -> Fe3O4

Atomic Theory Antoine Lavoisier (d. 1794) law of conservation of mass

Atomic Theory ScientistExperimentContributionAtomic Model Democritus (ca 400 BCE ) (thought)atomos = indivisible particle ‘grains of sand’ John Dalton (1808) (combined experiments) postulates forming our Atomic Theory Atomic Theory

Atomic Theory (Dalton) Postulates 1.All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms, 2.Atoms of an element are identical (size, mass, etc.) and different from atoms of all other elements, 3.Atoms cannot be subdivided, created or destroyed, 4.Atoms of different atoms combine in simple whole number ratios, 5.In chemical reactions, atoms combine, separate, or rearranged.

Atomic Theory ScientistExperimentContributionAtomic Model Democritusatomosgrains of sand DaltonAtomic Theoryparticles J.J. Thomson Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) electron ‘Plum-Pudding’ model

J.J. Thomson – Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

J.J. Thomson ‘Plum-Pudding’ model

Atomic Theory ScientistExperimentContributionAtomic Model Democritusatomosgrains of sand DaltonAtomic Theoryparticles ThomsonCRTelectron‘Plum-Pudding’ model RutherfordGold-Foil proton Nuclear model

Atomic Theory ScientistExperimentContributionAtomic Model Democritusatomosgrains of sand DaltonAtomic Theoryparticles ThomsonCRTelectron‘Plum-Pudding’ model RutherfordGold-Foil nucleus Nuclear model neutron Chadwick

Atomic Theory ParticleSymbolRelative MassRelative ChargeNumberApprox. Mass electrone – -10(~1/2000) protonp neutronn 0 011