Health and development: a global comparison

Key knowledge Definitions of developed and developing countries according to the WHO, including high/low mortality strata Definitions of sustainability and human development according to the UN, including the human development index Similarities and differences in health status and human development between developing countries and Australia in relation to morbidity, mortality, life expectancy, burden of disease and human development index

What is a developing country?(WHO) Developed or industrialised countries are countries that have developed economies (including Australia, USA, UK, Sweden and Japan) Developing countries are countries that have not achieved a significant degree of industrialisation relative to their populations. Most developing countries are in Africa, Asia and Latin America

The WHO tends to refer to: developed countries (Strata A) low-mortality developing countries (Strata B and C) high-mortality developing countries (Strata D and E).

WHO groups countries into six regions, based on geographical location : African Region (includes Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Kenya, South Africa) Eastern Mediterranean Region (includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Iraq) European Region (includes the UK, France, Turkey, Russian Federation) Region of the Americas (includes the USA, Canada, Brazil, Bolivia) South-East Asian Region (includes Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, Bangladesh) Western Pacific Region (includes Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Malaysia).

Developed country High material standards of living Access to housing, sanitation, food, health care long life expectancy and low infant and under- 5 mortality rates. High literacy E.g. Australia, the United States of America, United Kingdom, Sweden and Japan.

Developing counties low to medium standard of living. poor governance or unstable political situations. Low technology limited access to adequate food, housing, safe water and sanitation, and health care. Low literacy short life expectancy and high infant and under-5 mortality rates. E.g. Africa, Asia and Latin America.

Refer to pg complete activity 8.1A

Definitions of sustainability and human development human development is a process of enlarging people’s choices and enhancing human capabilities (the range of things people can be and do) and freedoms, enabling them to live a long and healthy life, have access to knowledge and a decent standard of living, and participate in community life decisions affecting their lives

Human Development Index (HDI) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has changed the data used to determine the Human Development Index (HDI). The UNDP now identifies components of the HDI as three dimensions with four indicators as described in the table below. Human Development Index DimensionsIndicators HealthLife expectancy at birth EducationMean years of schooling Expected years of schooling Living StandardsGross national income per capita

The HDI uses a scale from 0 to 1, 0 is lowest score, 1 is the highest score 0.80 or higher - high human development and 0.79 medium human development. below 0.50 low human development.

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Sustainability

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Qu 1: From Table 1, give one example each of a country that could be categorised as a high-mortality developing country, a low-mortality developing country and a developed country. Use information in the table to justify your choice.