 MDCs  Industrial Revolution (Rural to Urban) began in 1800s  Are MDCs fully urbanized?  LDCs  8 of 10 most populous cities in LDC 8 of 10 most populous cities in LDC  Issue- unlike MDCs lack of jobs in LDCs  Leads to issues

 Metropolitan Statistical Area  US Cities US Cities  Percent Change Percent Change  Map Percent Change Map Percent Change

 See Handout See Handout

 Laid out with a religious center- mosque, cathedral, etc  Marketplace close to center  Govt buildings and wealthy homes surround marketplace  Lower status outside that and recent migrants on outer ring

 European powers colonized Africa, Asia and Latin America  Built new cities near the old cities (sometimes they tore the old city down)  European districts had  Wider streets, public squares, larger houses surrounded by gardens, much less density  Compared to narrow, winding streets, little open space and cramped conditions

 Wealthy people push out in elite residential sector  Contains amenities for wealthy (shops,etc)  Example- Rio de Janeiro  Wealthy live in center city and south of city  Low income is in north suburbs

 Known by many names- barrios, favelas, bustees, kampongs  Grow because cities have housing shortage and can’t keep up with growth  Few services  One central well for water and central bathrooms  Lack schools, paved roads, telephones, sewers  Make-shift shelters

 Filtering  Divide larger homes for low-income families  Redlining  Draw lines to identify areas to refuse to loan money to buy a house  Urban Renewal  Cities locate inner-city neighborhoods, buy the property, relocate the residents and rebuild the area

 Public Housing  Low-income housing (pay 30% of income for rent)  High percentage in inner-city neighborhoods  Gentrification  Middle-class people move into inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing

 Underclass- unending cycle of social and economic problems  Lack of Job Skills- technical skills in an industrialized economy  Homeless  Crime- higher, drug addictions, etc  Segregation- Still Exist???? Economic Segregation?????

 Peripheral Model  Urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by ring road

 Edge Cities- start out as suburbs then become nodes (centers)  Density Gradient- number of houses per unit of land decreases as distance from city center increases  Sprawl- spread of development over landscape  Extend roads and utilities  Wastes land

 Greenbelts- rings of open space  Suburban Segregation  Residents separated from commercial and manufacturing areas  Housing segregated by cost, size, location, etc  Zoning Ordinances  Spatial separation- residential, commercial, industrial to prevent mixed land use  Transportation Issues  Motor Vehicles- rush hour commuting  Public Transportation- rapid transit  Service vs. Cost- are projects worth it????