Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter Integrated Lab Physical Science Mrs. Campbell Fall 2009

Lesson 1 What Are Some Properties of Matter? Property – a characteristic that helps identify and describe an object. Physical Property – a characteristic of a substance or object that can be observed without the substance changing into a different substance. Examples of Physical Properties - freezing point, melting point, boiling point, mass, volume, density, state of matter.

Lesson 1 con’t What Are Some Properties of Matter? Physical Change – A change that only involves physical properties. Examples of Physical Changes – chopping nuts, solid to liquid to gas, conductivity, and dissolving.

Lesson 1 con’t What Are Some Properties of Matter? Chemical Property – a characteristic that describes how a substance reacts with a different substance. Examples of Chemical Properties – flammability and reactivity

Lesson 1 con’t What Are Some Properties of Matter? Chemical Change – when a substance reacts with another substance and a new substance is formed. Examples of Chemical Changes – burning, rusting, baking.

Lesson 1 con’t What Are Some Properties of Matter? Physical Changes and Chemical Changes In a physical change, the identity of the substance is not changed. In a chemical change, new substances are formed that have different properties. Signs of a chemical change –change in color, fizzing or foaming, production of sound, light, or odor.

Lesson 2 Mass is Different from Weight Weight – the measure of how hard gravity pulls on an object. Newton – the metric unit of weight. Mass - measure of how much matter is in an object. Balance - an instrument used to measure mass.

Lesson 3 Measuring the Mass of a Liquid 1.Measure the mass of an empty container, such as a beaker. 2.Pour the liquid you want to measure into the beaker. 3.Measure the mass of the liquid + beaker. 4.Subtract the mass of the empty beaker from the mass of the beaker + liquid. Mass of liquid = Mass of beaker with liquid – mass of empty beaker.

Lesson 4 Measuring the Volume of a Liquid Graduated Cylinder – a round glass or plastic cylinder used to measure the volume of liquids. Meniscus – the curved surface of a liquid.

Lesson 4 con’t Measuring the Volume of a Liquid 1.Pour liquid into graduated cylinder. 2.Position yourself so your eye is level with the top of the liquid. 3.Read the volume at the bottom of the meniscus.

Lesson 4 con’t Measuring the Volume of a Liquid Reading a Scale 1.Subtract the numbers on any 2 long lines that are next to each other. 2.Count the number of spaces between the 2 long lines. 3.Divide the number from step 1 by the number from step 2. This will tell you how much of an increase each line represents.

Lesson 4 con’t Measuring the Volume of a Liquid 1.60 – 50 = / 10 = 1. 3.Each space = 1 mL.

Lesson 4 con’t Measuring the Volume of a Liquid What is the scale on this graduated cylinder? 1.8 mL– 6 mL = 2 mL 2.2/10 = 0.2 mL 3.Each space = 0.2 mL

Lesson 4 con’t Measuring the Volume of a Liquid What is the scale on this graduated cylinder? 1.__________________ 2.__________________ 3.__________________

Lesson 5 Measuring the Volume of Solid Objects Displacement of water – a method of measuring the volume of an irregularly shaped object. 1.Pour water into the graduated cylinder and record the volume. 2.Gently place the object into the cylinder and record the new volume. 3.New volume – old volume = volume of object.

Lesson 6 What is Density? Density – a measure of how tightly the matter of a substance is packed into a given volume.

Lesson 6 con’t What is Density? Calculating Density – to calculate the density, you must know the mass and volume of an object. The formula for calculating density is density = mass or D = m volume v

Lesson 6 con’t What is Density? If the mass of an object is 30 g and its volume is 15 cm 3, what is the object’s density? density = mass or D = m volume v density = 30 g 15 cm 3 density = 2 g/cm 3

Lesson 6 con’t What is Density? Calculate the density of a rock that has a mass of 454 g and a volume of 100 cm 3. What is the object’s density? density = mass or D = m volume v density = 454g 100 cm 3 density = 4.54 g/cm 3

Lesson 6 con’t What is Density? Sink or Float? Matter that has a greater density than water will sink. Matter with a density less than water will float. Density of water = 1.0 g/cm 3.