Chapter 3. Cells Under the Microscope Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632- 1723) - First to see “animalcules” in pond water.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3

Cells Under the Microscope Anton van Leeuwenhoek ( ) - First to see “animalcules” in pond water

The Cell Theory  1. All living things are made of one or more cells.  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function of all living things.  3. All cells arise from existing cells.

Cell Size  Small cells More efficient Higher surface area-to-volume ratio

All Cells Have  Plasma Membrane: Selective outer boundary  Cytoplasm: Water-like interior  DNA: Genetic material  Ribosomes: Synthesize Proteins

Two Basic Cell Types ProkaryoteEukaryote SizeSmallLarge DNAIn “nucleoid” regionWithin membrane-bound nucleus OrganellesNo organellesMembrane-bound organelles Body TypeUnicellularUnicellular or Multicellular NutritionHeterotropic or Autotrophic Heterotrophic or Autotrophic KingdomsBacteria & ArchaeaProtista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia

Prokaryote  Bacteria  Smallest simplest cells  Cell Wall: Surrounds cell membrane & provides structural support  Flagellum: Long threadlike structures that enable movement

Organelle  Membrane-bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell.

They Both Have

Nucleus  Contain DNA  Nuclear Envelope: Membrane surrounding nucleus  Nucleolus: Where ribosomes are made

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)  Membrane bound  Rough ER: Contains Ribosomes Synthesizes Proteins  Smooth ER: Makes Lipids Breaks down toxic substances

Golgi Apparatus  Golgi packages & distribution center for cell.  Vesicles: small membrane bound sacs that transport substances around the cell.

Mitochondria  Makes ATP from breaking down food  Cells that need lots of energy have lots of mitochondria. (muscle cells)  Surrounded by membranes, contain DNA & ribosomes, and are thought to be descendents of prokaryotic cells (endosymbiosis)

Lysosomes  Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell.

Animals Cells Can Have  Cilia: Hair-like structures used for cell movement  Flagella: Like those found in bacteria

Plant Cells

Chloroplasts  Uses light energy to make carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide.  Provide energy for cell.  Surrounded by double membrane, contains DNA, thought to be descendents of prokaryotic cells. (endosymbiosis)

Cell Wall  Surrounds & supports Cell  Maintains cell shape  Protects  Connects to other cells

Central Vacuole  Large membrane bound sac that stores water & other substances  When full makes cell rigid enables plants to stand upright

Cell Analogy

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