Civil War: Turning Point

War in the East Fredericksburg December 1862 Union retreated- heavy casualties More Confederate Victories: McClellan Lee Burnside

War in the East Chancellorsville May 1863 Brilliant victory for Lee and the Confederates More Confederate Victories: McClellan Lee Burnside Hooker Jackson

Vicksburg Back in the west… Vicksburg= last city held by Confederates on the MI River. Vicksburg is the key!!

Vicksburg May 18 – July 4, 1863 The Siege began… Pemberton Grant

Vicksburg Union General Grant surrounded and attacked Confederate General Pemberton surrendered after 47 days

Vicksburg Union now controlled the Mississippi River –The Confederacy is cut in two! Turning Point: Richmond?

Lincoln elected SC out CSA formed Lincoln inaugurated CONFEDERATE UNION Time Line Significant Battles*

Lincoln elected SC out CSA formed Lincoln inaugurated Ft. Sumter* 1 st Manassas * Ft. Donelson* Shiloh* New Orleans* Seven Days* 2 nd Manassas* Antietam* Fredericksburg* Emancipation Proclamation Chancellorsville* CONFEDERATE UNION Time Line Significant Battles*

Ft. Sumter* 1 st Manassas * Seven Days* 2 nd Manassas* Antietam* Fredericksburg* Chancellorsville* CONFEDERATE UNION Time Line Significant Battles* VICTORIES IN THE EAST ?

Gettysburg The tide turns in the east…

Gettysburg July 1 - 3, 1863 Lee vs. Meade LeeMeade

Gettysburg Lee marched his Confederate army into Pennsylvania. Day 1: Confederates pushed Union through town –Union set up a defensive position outside of town.

Gettysburg Day 2: Confederates attacked Union’s left and right flanks. –Unsuccessful

Gettysburg Day 3: Confederates charged up the Union center –Pickett’s Charge- unsuccessful Pickett

Gettysburg “ One mile they marched, while being pounded by artillery and rifle fire. Through it all, Pickett's men reached but failed to break the Union line, and the magnificent effort ended in disaster. The tide of the Confederacy had ‘swept to its crest, paused, and receded.’”

Gettysburg Confederates retreated back to Virginia –Meade did not follow X

Over 165,000 men and 634 cannons had been positioned in an area of 25 square miles. An estimated 569 tons of ammunition was fired and, when the battle had ended, 5,000 dead horses and the other wreckage of war presented a scene of terrible devastation. Casualties: –Union- 23,000 –Confederacy- 28,000 Gettysburg

Union now thought they were going to win No allies for Confederacy Turning Point:

Ft. Sumter* 1 st Manassas * Seven Days* 2 nd Manassas* Antietam* Fredericksburg* Chancellorsville* CONFEDERATE UNION Time Line Significant Battles* VICTORIES IN THE EAST Gettysburg* Gettysburg Address

David Wills Invitation to the President to come to Gettysburg “...a few appropriate remarks.”

November 19, 1863 Crowd gathering at Soldiers’ National Cemetery

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What would the President say?

Fewer than 300 words Only 9 sentences Less than 3 minutes

“Four score and seven and seven years ago...” years ago...” 1776 “conceived in liberty...” OUR BIRTH CERTIFICATE

“We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal.” “the negro is not equal to the white man; slavery— subordination to the superior race—is his natural and normal condition.” The Clash of Propositions Equality Slavery

Lincoln’s speech given at a dedication ceremony of a national cemetery at Gettysburg –Praised the bravery of the Union soldiers –Renewed commitment to win the war Reunited nation would be different though- EQUALITY