Sarah Abelen and Florian Seitz Earth Oriented Space Science and Technology (ESPACE) IAPG, TUM Geodätische Woche 2010 Contributions of different water storage.

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Presentation transcript:

Sarah Abelen and Florian Seitz Earth Oriented Space Science and Technology (ESPACE) IAPG, TUM Geodätische Woche 2010 Contributions of different water storage compartments to total storage change from multi-sensor analysis

Introduction Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro2

CLIVAR-Hydro  Signals of Climate Variability in Continental Hydrology from Multi- Sensor Space and In-situ Observations and Hydrological Modeling Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro3 ObjectMeanTarget Researchers Continental Hydrology 3 PhD Students + Multi-Sensor Space Observations In-situ Observations Hydrological Modeling Signals of Climate Variability

Concept Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro4 Gravimetry Ground Water Soil Moisture Snow Water and Ice Surface Water Schönheinz D., BTU-Cottbus

Soil Moisture Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro5

Theory  Basic Principle: Fresnel reflection equation Reflectivity of the ground ( r ) for a certain polarization ( H or V ) depends on:  the viewing angle of the sensor ( Ѳ )  the dielectric constant ( k )  depends on the constituents of the ground (air, soil, water) Example: dry soil:k = 5 water: k = Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro6 Jackson 2005 Jackson 2002

Passive vs. Active Sensors Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro7 Sensor TypePassiveActive Measured Quantitybrightness temperaturebackscattering coefficient Connection to Reflectivity emissivity = 1 – reflectivity requires k and the surface height std to solve for SM Problemsvegetation geometric properties of the soil surface and vegetation Data Products AMSR-E (Aqua), MIRAS (SMOS) ASCAT (MetOp)  AMSR-E = Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS  Time span: 2002 – present  Pixel size: 25 km x 25 km (of data products)  Largest wavelength: 4.3 cm = 6.9 GHz (C-Band) Njoku et al. 2003

AMSR-E Data Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro8

Monthly Soil Moisture Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro9

Selection of the Test-Site Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro10

Limitations  Gravimetric changes (GRACE) can be identified in regions with: 1.High soil moisture (≥ 20 kg/m 2 ) Example: 20 kg/m 2 = 0.2 g/cm 2 and 10 cm depth 2.Strong variation in soil moisture 3.Large spatial extend (> 300 km x 300 km)  Soil moisture (AMSR-E) can be acquired in regions with: 4.Low vegetation water content (< 1.5 kg/m 2 ) Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro11

Variation of Soil Moisture Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro12 no changes in the deserts large changes in river basins Paraná River

Variation of Soil Moisture with Quality Mask Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro13 mainly the deserts remain with small variations only few areas with larger variations remain

Mean of Soil Moisture with Quality Mask Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro14 variation is high but the mean value is low

Summary and Outlook Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro15

Summary and Outlook  Gravimetry  total change in water storage  Remote Sensing + In-situ  compartments (e.g. soil moisture)  Principle for Soil Moisture: Reflection  dielectric constant  water content  Soil moisture products exist for active and passive sensors  Problems AMSR-E:  vegetation water content (< 1.5 kg/m 2 )  mostly related to low variability / magnitude of soil moisture  Problems GRACE:  mass changes are small for soil moisture  lack of knowledge on depth of soil moisture (≤ 1 cm for C-Band) Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro16

References Jackson, T., Remote sensing of soil moisture: implications for groundwater recharge. Hydrogeology Journal, 10(1), Jackson, T., Soil Moisture. In Encyclopedia of soils in the environment. Elsevier, pp Njoku, E. et al., Soil moisture retrieval from AMSR-E. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, 41(2), Njoku, E. 2004, updated daily. AMSR-E/Aqua L3 Surface Soil Moisture, Interpretive Parameters, & QC EASE-Grids V002, Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro17

Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro18

AMSR-E  AMSR-E = Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E)  Space Agency:NASA  Satellite:Aqua (precipitation, evaporation, water cycle)  Data products:  Time span: 2002 – present  Spatial resolution: 25 km 2 (of data products)  Largest Wavelength: 4.3 cm = 6.9 GHz (C- Band) Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro19  Soil Moisture  Vegetation Water content  Land-cover (10 types) e_simulation.jpg

Variation of Valid Soil Moisture Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro20  No pronounced temporal variation  Vegetation Water Content is mostly below 1.5 kg/m 2

Integration of Other Data Sources Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro

Test-Site Proposal Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro22 35° Lat 35°- 65° Long

Annual Cycle Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro23

Ancillary Data: Quality Control Flags Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro24

Selection of one Grid Cell Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro25

Soil Moisture: Time Variation Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro26 Validity for Vegetation Water Content < 1.5 kg/m 2 Errorbar of 0.06 g/cm 3 Njoku et al  Soil Moisture goes up to 0.2 g/cm 2  Errorbar is relatively high  Limitation is the Vegetation Water Content

Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro27 ObjectMeanTargetResearchers 2 Continental Hydrology 3 PhD Students + 3 Multi-Sensor Space Observations 4 In-situ Observations 5 Hydrological Modeling Signals of Climate Variability 1 Signals of Climate Variability