1© 2005 Sherri Heathcock 10-3 Growth & Expansion Unity and Sectionalism

2© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Sectionalism Grows After the War of 1812 political differences seemed to fade away leading to an Era of Good Feelings.

3© 2005 Sherri Heathcock In the 1816 presidential election, Republican James Monroe had almost no opposition. He represented a united America free of political strife.

4© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The Era of Good Feelings did not last long. Most Americans thought of themselves as Westerners or Southerners or Northerners. This sectionalism, or loyalty to their region, became more intense as differences arose over national policies.

5© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Slavery had always been an issue. Most white Southerners believed slavery was necessary. More and more Northerners opposed it. To protect slavery, Southerners stressed the importance of states' rights.

6© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The different regions also disagreed on the need for tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements. Internal improvements included things like canals and roads that would help develop the nation's transportation system.

7© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Congressmen John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay became the spokespersons for their regions.

8© 2005 Sherri Heathcock John C. Calhoun, a planter from South Carolina, was one of the War Hawks.

9© 2005 Sherri Heathcock He was against high tariffs. He said that tariffs raised the prices that Southerners had to pay for the goods they could not produce themselves, and that high tariffs protected manufacturers who made bad quality products. TARIFFSTARIFFS

10© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Daniel Webster supported policies that he thought would strengthen the nation and help the North, like the Tariff of It protected American industries from foreign competition.

11© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Webster became known as one of the greatest orators, or speakers, of his day.

12© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Another leading War Hawk, Henry Clay represented the Western states. Henry Clay became known as “the Great Compromiser” because he tried to resolve sectional disputes through compromise.

13© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Henry Clay believed he had a system that would benefit all parts of the nation. His "American System" included a protective tariff, internal improvements, and a national bank. He said the tariff would provide money to build roads and canals.

14© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Healthy businesses would use their profits to buy more agricultural products from the South. These goods would be shipped to the north on the new transportation system.

15© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Many Southerners felt the American System favored the wealthy manufacturers in New England. In the end, little of Clay's American System went into effect.

16© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The Missouri Compromise In 1820 Missouri applied for statehood. The South wanted Missouri admitted as a slave state. Northerners did not.

17© 2005 Sherri Heathcock While Congress considered the Missouri question, Maine also applied for statehood. Henry Clay helped work out a compromise.

18© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The Missouri Compromise of 1820 admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. The agreement also banned slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30'N parallel.